Диэлдрин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Dieldrin is a colorless to light tan solid with
a mild chemical odor. The Odor Threshold in water is
0.04 mg/L
Физические свойства
White crystals to pale tan flakes with an odorless to mild chemical odor. Odor threshold
concentration is 41 μg/L (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).
Использование
Dieldrin was first used by cotton growers in the 1950s; it has
subsequently been used on other crops for the control of
vectorborne diseases and for mothproofing woolen goods.
Dieldrin, as well as other cyclodiene insecticides, is uniquely
suited for the control of termites. In 1974, the U.S. registration
of products containing aldrin and dieldrin was canceled.
As a result of worldwide concerns regarding the potential
human health and environmental impacts of dieldrin, its
manufacture ceased by the early 1990s.
Occupational exposures have occurred among all groups
that have been involved in the manufacture or handling of the
compound, and in the spraying of dieldrin suspensions and
emulsions. Overexposure, resulting in acute intoxication,
occurred primarily in the early days of dieldrin, aldrin,
and endrin manufacture and in spraying operations with
these compounds in Kenya, India, Iran, and other malariainfested
countries.
Общее описание
DIELDRIN is a light-tan flaked solid. DIELDRIN is insoluble in water. DIELDRIN is toxic by inhalation, skin absorption and ingestion. DIELDRIN can penetrate intact skin. DIELDRIN is used as an insecticide.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
DIELDRIN is sensitive to mineral acids, acid catalysts, acid oxidizing agents and active metals. DIELDRIN reacts with phenols. DIELDRIN is also slightly corrosive to metals. DIELDRIN may react vigorously with strong oxidizers such as chlorine and permanganates and strong acids such as sulfuric or nitric.
Угроза здоровью
Highly toxic; toxic symptoms similar to theseof aldrin; affects central nervous system,liver, kidneys, and skin; causes headache,dizziness, nausea, vomiting, tremor, ataxia,clonic and tonic convulsions, and respiratoryfailure; oral LD50 value (mice): 38 mg/kg;causes liver cancers in animals; inadequateevidence in humans; RCRA Waste Number P037.
Exposure to many organochlorine pesticides has been linked to an increasedrisk of Parkinson’s disease. In this context,dieldrin has been the most implicated ofall. Dieldrin has been found, during postmortem, in the brain tissues of humanswith Parkinson’s disease, indicating that itpromotes dopaminergic degeneration. Various neurotoxic studies following exposure todieldrin have been conducted in both cellcultures and animal models. Such studiesindicated that dieldrin-induced neurotoxicity via mechanisms associated with dopaminergic degeneration including oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction, protein aggregation, and apoptosis. Such effects cancause neuronal cell death and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease.Kanthasamy et al. (2005) have revieweddieldrin-induced neurotoxicity..
Пожароопасность
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic and irritating hydrogen chloride fumes may form in fire.
Сельскохозяйственное использование
Insecticide: Manufacture in the United States prohibited since
1974. In 1987, EPA banned all uses. Banned for use in
EU (also for export) All uses of dieldrin (and Aldrin) were
canceled in 1974, except for subsurface ground insertion
for termite control, dipping of non-food roots and tops,
and moth-proofing by manufacturing processes in a closed
system (EPA 1974). In 1987, these final three uses were
voluntarily canceled by the sole manufacturer. Currently
there are more than 25 global suppliers
Торговое название
ALVIT®; BELCO®[C]; COMPOUND
497®; D-31®; DIELDREX®; DIELDRITE®;
ILLOXOL®; KILLGERM DETHLAC INSECTICIDAL
LAQUER®; OCTALOX®; OXRALOX®; PANORAM®;
PANORAM D-31®; PRENTOX®[C]; QUINTOX®;
ROYAL BRAND®[C]; SD 3417®
Профиль безопасности
A human poison by
ingestion and possibly other routes. Poison
experimentally by inhalation, ingestion, skin
contact, intravenous, and intraperitoneal
routes. Experimental teratogenic and
reproductive data. Absorbed readily through
the skin and by other routes. It is a central
nervous system stimulant. Questionable
carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic,
neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data.
Human mutation data reported. An
insecticide. Dieldrin is considerably more
toxic than DDT by ingestion and skin
contact. Dieldrin or its derivatives may
accumulate in the body from chronic low
dosages. When heated to decomposition it
emits toxic fumes of Cl-. See also ALDRIN.
Возможный контакт
Aldrin belongs to the group of cyclodiene insecticides. They are a subgroup of the chlorinated
cyclic hydrocarbon insecticides which include DDT, BHC,
etc. They were manufactured in the United States by Shell
Chemical Co. until the United States Environmental
Protection Agency prohibited their manufacture in 1974
under the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide
Act. The primary use of the chemicals in the past was for
control of corn pests, although they were also used by the
citrus industry.
Dieldrin’s persistence in the environment is due to its
extremely low volatility (i.e., a vapor pressure of
1.78 3 1027 mmHg @ 20°C), and low solubility in water
(186 μg/L @ 25°C29°C). In addition, dieldrin is
extremely apolar, resulting in a high affinity for fat which
accounts for its retention in animal fats, plant waxes; andother such organic matter in the environment. The fat
solubility of dieldrin results in the progressive accumulation in the food chain which may result in a concentration
in an organism which would exceed the lethal limit for
a consumer.
Канцерогенность
Accumulating evidence suggests that
dieldrin is “not a likely human carcinogen”
and that it acts as a species-specific hepatocarcinogen
in mice through nongenotoxic
mechanisms.
The 2003 ACGIH threshold limit valuetime-
weighted average (TLV-TWA) for dieldrin
is 0.25mg/m3 with a notation for skin
absorption.
Перевозки
UN2761 Organochlorine pesticides, solid, toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Несовместимости
Incompatible with strong acids: concentrated mineral acids; acid catalysts; phenols, strong oxidizers, active metals; like sodium, potassium, magnesium,
and zinc. Keep away from copper, iron, and their salts.
Утилизация отходов
Incineration (816C,
0.5 second minimum for primary combustion; 1760C,
1.0 second for secondary combustion) with adequate
scrubbing and ash disposal facilities. In accordance
with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal
of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed
properly by following package label directions or by
contacting your local or federal environmental control
agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste
containing this contaminant (≧100 kg/mo) must conform
with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation,
treatment, and waste disposal
Диэлдрин препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат