Гексахлор-1 ,3-бутадиен химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Hexachlorobutadiene was first synthesized in 1877 by chlorination
of hexyl iodide. It is an industrial by-product of
tetrachloroethylene, trichloroethylene, and perchloroethylene
production.
Химические свойства
colourless liquid (typical odour recognition threshold:
Физические свойства
Clear, yellowish-green liquid with a mild to pungent, turpentine-like odor. Odor threshold
concentration is 6 ppb (quoted, Keith and Walters, 1992).
Использование
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene is used as an urinary biomarker as a tool for early screening of potential kidney toxicity. Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene (HCBD) causes kidney injury.
Общее описание
A colorless liquid with a mild odor. Insoluble in water and denser than water. Nonflammable. May be toxic by ingestion or inhalation. Used as a solvent and heat transfer fluid.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
Hexachloro-1,3-butadiene rapidly decomposes rubber on contact. Can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Reacts to form an explosive product with bromine perchlorate. . Gives highly toxic and irritating chloride fumes when burned.
Опасность
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, a questionable carcinogen.
Угроза здоровью
Poisonous; may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin. Inhalation causes repiratory difficulty and irritation of mucous membranes. Skin and eye irritant; may cause burns.
Возможный контакт
Hexachlorobutadiene is used as a sol vent; heat-transfer fluid; transformer fluid; hydraulic fluid;
as a solvent for elastomers; as a wash liquor for removing
higher hydrocarbons.
Канцерогенность
In rats given oral administration, it produced
benign and malignant tumors in the kidneys in both
sexes. The IARC then concluded that there is limited evidence
that HCBD is carcinogenic in rats.
Nakagawa et al. reported that HCBD is a potent nephrotoxicant
that selectively damaged the straight portion (pars
recta) of the proximal tubule in the rat. They also
reported administering 0.1% HCBD for 30 weeks to male
Wistar rats previously given 0.1% N-ethyl-N-hydroxyethylnitrosamine
(EHEN) in their drinking water for 2 weeks and
that the combined treatment resulted in a significantly higher
incidence of renal cell tumors than when EHEN was administered
alone.
Экологическая судьба
Chemical/Physical. Hexachlorobutadiene will not hydrolyze to any reasonable extent (Kollig,
1993).
At influent concentrations of 1.0, 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 mg/L, the GAC adsorption capacities
were 258, 91, 21, and 11 mg/g, respectively (Dobbs and Cohen, 1980).
Метаболический путь
In the presence of glutathione (GSH), mouse liver
microsomes and cytosol transform 14C-hexachloro-
1,3-butadiene (HCBD) to S-
(pentachlorobutadienyl)glutathione (PCBG). PCBG
formation in subcellular fractions from a mouse kidney
is very limited. After an oral dose of HCBD to mice,
PCBG in feces, and S-(pentachlorobutadienyl)-L-
cysteine, N-acetyl-S-(pentachlorobutadienyl)-L-
cysteine, and 1,1,2,3-tetrachlorobutenoic acid in the
urine are identified as the metabolites.
Перевозки
UN2279 Hexachlorobutadiene, Hazard Class:
6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Методы очистки
Wash the diene with four or five 1/10th volumes of MeOH (or until the yellow colour has been extracted), then stir it for 2hours with H2SO4, wash it with distilled water until neutral and filter it through a column of P2O5. Distil it under reduced pressure through a packed column. [Rytner & Bauer J Am Chem Soc 82 298 1960, Beilstein 1 IV 998.]
Несовместимости
Strong reaction with oxidizers, aluminum
powder. Attacks aluminum; some plastics, rubber and coatings
Утилизация отходов
High temperature incineration
with flue gas scrubbing. Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Гексахлор-1 ,3-бутадиен препаратная продукция и сырье
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