КАПРОЛАКТАМ химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Caprolactam, CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2NHCO, is a solid material composed of white flakes. Caprolactam is soluble in water and has a specific gravity (in a 70% solution)of 1.05, which is heavier than water. It may also be encountered as a molten material. Caprolactam is toxic by inhalation, with a TLV of (vapor) 5 ppm in air and (dust) 1 mg/m3 of air. The primary uses are in the manufacture of synthetic fibers, plastics, film, coatings, and polyurethanes.
Химические свойства
Caprolactum is a white crystalline combustible solid with an unpleasant odor. The Odor Threshold is
0.3 milligram per cubic meter.
Физические свойства
Yellowish solid or white crystals or flakes; amine, spicy aroma. It is soluble in water, chlorinated solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons, cyclohexene, benzene, methanol, ethanol and ether.
Использование
Monomer for manufacture of polycaprolactam
(Nylon 6) used in carpets, textiles,
clothing, and tires
Подготовка
About 90% of the caprolactam is produced by the conventional cyclohexanone process. Cyclohexanone is obtained by catalytic oxidation of cyclohexane with air? or by hydrogenation of phenol and dehydrogenation of the cyclohexanol byproduct. The conversion of cyclohexanone to cyclohexanone oxime followed by Beckmann rearrangement gives caprolactam. About 10% of caprolactam is produced by photonitrosation of cyclohexane or by nitrosation of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid in the presence of sulfuric acid.
Определение
ChEBI: A member of the class of caprolactams that is azepane substituted by an oxo group at position 2.
Общее описание
Clear to milky white-colored solution with a mild, disagreeable odor. Contact may cause slight irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be mildly toxic by ingestion. The primary hazard is the threat to the environment. Immediate steps should be taken to limit its spread to the environment. As a liquid 2-Oxohexamethylenimine can easily penetrate the soil and contaminate groundwater and nearby streams. Used to make other chemicals.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Water soluble.
Профиль реактивности
2-Oxohexamethylenimine is hygroscopic. 2-Oxohexamethylenimine can react with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. 2-Oxohexamethylenimine can also react with chlorinated hydrocarbons and nitro compounds. A potentially explosive reaction occurs with acetic acid + dinitrogen trioxide.
Опасность
Toxic by inhalation. Upper respiratory tract
irritant.
Угроза здоровью
Inhalation causes coughing or mild irritation. Contact with hot liquid will burn eyes and skin.
Пожароопасность
Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen
Профиль безопасности
Moderately toxic by
ingestion, skin contact, intraperitoneal, and
subcutaneous routes. Human systemic
effects by inhalation: nose and throat
irritation, cough. Experimental reproductive
effects. A skin and eye irritant. Potentially
explosive reaction with acetic acid +
dinitrogen trioxide. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx
Возможный контакт
Caprolactam is used in the manufacture of nylon, plastics, bristles, film, coatings, synthetic
leather, plasticizers, and paint vehicles; as a crossslinking
agent for curing polyurethanes; and in the synthesis of
lysine
Канцерогенность
Caprolactam was not mutagenic in bacterial
assays or in in vivo rodent assays; it did
induce chromosomal aberrations and aneuploidy
in human lymphocytes in vitro.
Перевозки
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required
Методы очистки
The lactam is distilled under reduced pressure, recrystallised from acetone or pet ether and redistilled. It can be pur
Несовместимости
Caprolactum decomposes on heating,
and on burning producing toxic fumes including nitrogen
oxides, ammonia. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers,
producing toxic fumes. Toxic decomposition above 400C
Утилизация отходов
Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices). Also, Caprolactam may be
recovered from Caprolactam still bottoms or nylon
waste
КАПРОЛАКТАМ препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат