НЕЙРОТРОФИЧЕСКИЙ ФАКТОР, ПРОИЗВОДИМЫЙ ИЗ МОЗГА, ЧЕЛОВЕКА

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) recombinant human protein has been used as a supplement in various types of culture media.

The gene BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) is mapped to human chromosome 11p14.1. BDNF is a member of the neurotrophin family of growth factors. The gene encodes a precursor protein, proBDNF. Mature BDNF (mBDNF) is synthesized by post-translational cleavage of proBDNF. Both proBDNF and mBDNF play crucial roles in cellular signaling. BDNF is expressed as the C-terminal portion of a 247 amino acid polypeptide precursor, which also contains a signal sequence of 18 amino acid residue and a propeptide of 110 amino acid residues. Recombinant human BDNF is a 27.0kDa homodimer of two 119 amino acid subunits linked by strong noncovalent interactions.

Like other members of this family, BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) supports neuron proliferation and survival. BDNF can bind to a low affinity cell surface receptor called LNGFR (low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor), which also binds other neurotrophins such as NGF (nerve growth factor), NT-3 (neurotrophin-3) and NT-4. However, BDNF mediates its neurotrophic properties by signaling through a high affinity cell surface receptor called gp145/trkB (tropomyosin-related kinase B). BDNF also plays an important role in vascular function and participates in angiogenesis. It is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer′s disease. ProBDNF interacts with p75 neurotrophin receptor, leading to long-term depression in the hippocampus.