гамма-БУТИРОЛАКТОН химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Dihydro-2(3H)-furanone. An endogenous neuroregulator made
from gamma-amino butyrate and the precursor of gamma hydroxybutyrate. It causes selective increase of brain dopamine by inhibiting its release from nerve terminals. The compound has sedative
properties at low doses and produces surgical anesthesia at high
doses. It is also used as an industrial solvent and precursor.
Химические свойства
γ-Butyrolactone is oily, colorless, clear liquid. It has a faint, sweet, aromatic, slightly buttery odor.
γ-Butyrolactone is a lactone. It is hydrolyzed under basic conditions, for example in a sodium hydroxide solution into sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate, the sodium salt of gamma-hydroxybutyric acid. Under acidic conditions it forms an equilibrium mixture of both compounds. These compounds then may go on to form a polymer.
Вхождение
Reported found as a constituent in coffee aroma; a volatile flavor component in roasted filberts as well. Also
reported found in tomato, potato, soybeans, beans, vinegar, mushrooms, roasted chicken, beef, cider, beer, wine, scallops and clams.
Использование
r-butyrolactone is one kind of important fine chemicalintermediate, simultaneously also is one kind of performance fine highboiling point solvent, ideal antioxidant, plasticizer,extracting agent, absorbent, dispersing agent, solid stain, Coagulation Reagent.
Подготовка
γ-Butyrolactone is produced by gas phase 1,4-butanediol under the action of Cu catalyst to produce product γ-butyrolactone and by-product hydrogen. Crude γ-Butyrolactone is purified to remove light and heavy components, with a purity of more than 99.5%, as an export product. At the same time, the by-product hydrogen is sent to other hydrogenation processes for recycling after removing CO and CO2 through the methanation process.
Определение
ChEBI: A butan-4-olide that is tetrahydrofuran substituted by an oxo group at position 2.
Общее описание
Clear colorless oily liquid with a pleasant odor.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Hygroscopic. Soluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
gamma-Butyrolactone can react with oxidizing materials, inorganic acids and bases, alcohols and amines. Rapidly hydrolyzed by bases and slowly hydrolyzed by acids. gamma-Butyrolactone is volatile with steam. . The combination of the lactone, butanol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and sodium hydroxide in the attempted synthesis of 2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyric acid caused a thermal runaway reaction that eventually exploded, [CISHC Chem. Safety Summ., 1977, 48, 3].
Опасность
Toxic by ingestion. Questionable carcino-
gen.
Пожароопасность
gamma-Butyrolactone is combustible.
Профиль безопасности
Moderately toxic by
ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal
routes. An experimental teratogen. Other
experimental reproductive effects.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
tumorigenic data by skin contact. Mutation
data reported. Less acutely toxic than ppropiolactone. Combustible when exposed
to heat or flame; can react with oxidizing
materials. To fight fire, use foam, alcohol
foam, CO2, dry chemical. Potentially
explosive reaction with butanol + 2,4
dichlorophenol + sodium hydroxide. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid and
irritating fumes.
Возможный контакт
Used as a chemical intermediate for
making other chemicals, including pesticides, cosmetics, and
pharmaceuticals; as a solvent for paint, nail polish removers,
and industrial chemicals. Used in electronics, drilling and
petroleum industries as a stabilizer and solvent. Used as a
flavoring agent in various foods and beverages, including
grains and breakfast foods, candy, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks. Drug of abuse: the United States Food and
Drug Administration has warned the public not to purchase
or consume products, containing gamma-butyrolactone
(GBL). FDA has also asked the companies that manufacture
these products to voluntarily recall them. The agency has
received reports of serious health problems—some that are
potentially life-threatening—associated with the use of these
products. Although labeled as dietary supplements and marketed under various brand names, these products are illegally
marketed unapproved new drugs. False advertising claims
include building muscles, improved physical performance,
enhanced sex, reduced stress and induced sleep
Перевозки
Listed by some sources as unregulated. UN2810
Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels:
6.1—Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Методы очистки
Dry the lactone over anhydrous CaSO4, then fractionally distil it. Handle it in a fume cupboard due to its TOXICITY. [Beilstein 17 V 7.]
Несовместимости
4-Butyrolactone is incompatible with
oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may
cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, alcohols, amines, strong and inorganic acids, strong
bases. Rapidly hydrolyzed by bases and slowly hydrolyzed
by acids. It is hygroscopic and volatile with steam.
Combustible; vapor may form explosive mixture with air.
Утилизация отходов
Use a licensed professional
waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Dissolve
or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in
a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and
scrubber. It is inappropriate and possibly dangerous to the
environment to dispose of expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing them down the toilet or discarding
them to the trash. Household quantities of expired or waste
pharmaceuticals may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee
grounds, double-bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger
quantities shall carefully take into consideration applicable
DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. If possible return the
pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal
being careful to properly label and securely package the
material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be
labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state
licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a
licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.
All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must
be observed.
гамма-БУТИРОЛАКТОН препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат
2-Bromo-4-butanolide
ethyl 3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl-1-cyclopropanecarboxylate
Сорбиновая кислота
Циклопропиламин
4-фенилмасл ной кислоты
1-метил-2-пирролидинон
3,3,4,4-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylicdianhydride
3-индолмасляная кислота
Пантотеновой-D кислоты кальциевая сол
2-пирролидинон
АЛЬФА, АЛЬФА-ДИМЕТИЛ-ГАММА-БУТИРОЛАКТОН
Хлорид 4-хлорбутирил
4-Bromo-2,2-diphenylbutyric acid
ГАММА-CHLOROBUTYROPHENONE
Тетрагидрофуран
1-тетралон
Натрия оксибутират
METHYL 3-(2,2-DICHLOROVINYL)-2,2-DIMETHYL-(1-CYCLOPROPANE)CARBOXYLATE
Галоперидол
Глутаровая кислота
2-ацетилбутиролактон
3-Acetyl-1-propanol
2,6-дифторбензонитрил
Циклопропанкарбоновая кислота
4-(2-OXO-1,3-BENZOXAZOL-3(2H)-YL)BUTANOIC ACID
3-[2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2，2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylic acid