3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine

Acute toxicity - Category 4, Dermal

Skin sensitization, Category 1

Carcinogenicity, Category 1B

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 1

H225 Highly Flammable liquid and vapour

H312 Harmful in contact with skin

H317 May cause an allergic skin reaction

H350 May cause cancer

H370 Causes damage to organs

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

H411 Toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

H412 Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects

P201 Obtain special instructions before use.

P210 Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. — No smoking.

P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P273 Avoid release to the environment.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P301+P310 IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P308+P313 IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.

P501 Dispose of contents/container to..…

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/...

P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P272 Contaminated work clothing should not be allowed out of the workplace.

P203 Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.

P273 Avoid release to the environment.

P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...

P317 Get medical help.

P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).

P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

P333+P317 If skin irritation or rash occurs: Get medical help.

P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice.

P391 Collect spillage.

P405 Store locked up.

P501 Dispose of contents/container to an appropriate treatment and disposal facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and product characteristics at time of disposal.

no data available

Fresh air, rest. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Seek medical attention if you feel unwell.

Rinse with plenty of water (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Rinse mouth. Refer for medical attention .

Exposure Routes: inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Skin sensitization, dermatitis; headache, dizziness; caustic burns; frequent urination, dysuria; hematuria (blood in the urine); gastrointestinal upset; upper respiratory infection; [Potential occupational carcinogen] Target Organs: Bladder, liver, lung, skin, gastrointestinal tract Cancer Site [in animals: liver & bladder cancer] (NIOSH, 2016)

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. Aniline and related compounds

Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Combustible. (NTP, 1992)

Use fine water spray, dry powder, carbon dioxide.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Personal protection: complete protective clothing including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Use of sodium hypochlorite bleach solution to decontaminate 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine was partially effective. An aqueous solution of 5% tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and 10% sodium ethyl hexyl sulfate when blended in a jet sprayer effectively removed 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine from a worker area (90-99% reduction). Once removed from the work site and collected in a central location, it was then determined that the diazotization reaction (the addition of sulfate, ice and sodium nitrate occurred to eliminate any detectable dichlorobenzine from the washings.

NO open flames. Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. Well closed. Store only in original container. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.Stable under recommended storage conditions.

TLV: (skin); A3 (confirmed animal carcinogen with unknown relevance to humans).MAK: skin absorption (H); carcinogen category: 2

no data available

Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Avoid inhalation of dust. Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

no data available

NIOSH considers 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine (and its salts) to be a potential occupational carcinogens.

Decomposes on burning. This produces toxic and corrosive fumes including nitrogen oxides and hydrogen chloride.

no data available

A halide- and amine-substituted aromatic compound. Amines are chemical bases. They neutralize acids to form salts plus water. These acid-base reactions are exothermic. The amount of heat that is evolved per mole of amine in a neutralization is largely independent of the strength of the amine as a base. Amines may be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Flammable gaseous hydrogen is generated by amines in combination with strong reducing agents, such as hydrides.

no data available

Strong oxidizing agents

When heated to decomposition it emits very high toxic fumes of hydrogen chloride and nitrogen oxides.

no data available

no data available

no data available

no data available

NTP: Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen

No information is available on the reproductive or developmental effects of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in humans. Animal studies have reported abnormal growth in the kidneys of the fetuses of pregnant mice treated subcutaneously with 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine. No data were reported on maternal effects.

The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the liver. This substance is probably carcinogenic to humans.

Evaporation at 20°C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

3,3-Dichlorobenzidine, present at 3 mg/L dissolved organic carbon, was 9-43% 0-91%, 34-93% and 18-99% biodegraded in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum, amended with a yeast extract nutrient broth of 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/L, respectively, in the Modified AFNOR test. No biodegradation was observed in tests not amended with the yeast extract(1). When incubated with natural aquatic communities from eutrophic and mesotrophic lakes, 25% of the 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine degraded in a month(2). When incubated in soil under aerobic conditions, only 2% mineralization occurred in 32 weeks and no degradation intermediates were detected(3). Under anaerobic conditions no mineralization occurred in a year(3). 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine, present at 100 mg/L, achieved 1% of its theoretical BOD in 4 weeks using an activated sludge inoculum at 30 mg/L and the Japanese MITI test which classified the compound as not readily biodegradable(4). The half-life of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in a lake water and sediment slurry obtained from Lake Macatawa, MI was approximately 150 days(5). 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride was not readily biodegradable by microorganisms obtained from freshwater lakes and incubated for 28 and 30 days or in an activated sludge study(6,7). These data suggest that biodegradation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine will occur slowly in the environment(SRC). Half-lives of 4-26 weeks and 16-101 weeks have been estimated for the biodegradation of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in surface water and anaerobic groundwater, respectively(8).

The equilibrium bioconcentration factors using (14)-C-3,3'-dichlorobenzidine in whole bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) was reported as 495-507, the BCF was 114-175 in the edible portion and 814-856 in non-edible parts(1). The BCF values measured in Golden ide fish (Leuciscus idus) and in algae were 610 and 940, respectively(2). A BCF range of 43-213 was measured in fish for 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine(SRC), using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed over an 8-week period(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF data suggest the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC).

Based upon measured Freundlich adsorption coefficients in a Brookston clay loam soil and a Rubicon sandy soil(1), the Koc of 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine can be determined to be 33,720 and 15,885 in the respective soils(SRC). Batch isotherm studies using five sandy to silty-clay sediment samples collected from Lake Macatawa (Holland, MI), measured Koc values ranging from 721 to 3,965(2); the majority of adsorption was determined to occur through covalent bonding(2). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine is expected to have low to no mobility in soil. 3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine is a weak base with pKa values of 3.2 and 1.6(4), indicating that this compound will exist primarily in the neutral form. Aromatic amines like benzidine, 3,3'-dichlorobenzidine and substituted anilines are known to bind to soils containing a large organic carbon content due to the ability of the aromatic amino group to form covalent bonds with humic and fulvic material in soils(5). These complexes are often irreversibly bound and immobile(5).

no data available

The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.

Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.

ADR/RID: UN3077 (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: UN3077 (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: UN3077 (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: 9 (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: 9 (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: 9 (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: III (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: III (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: III (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: Yes

IMDG: Yes

IATA: Yes

no data available

no data available

The substance is combustible but no flash point is available in literature.TLV Note: Exposure by all routes should be carefully controlled to levels as low as possible.