Bis(tributyltin) oxide

Acute toxicity - Category 3, Oral

Acute toxicity - Category 4, Dermal

Skin irritation, Category 2

Eye irritation, Category 2

Reproductive toxicity, Category 1B

Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure, Category 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, short-term (Acute) - Category Acute 1

Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term (Chronic) - Category Chronic 1

H301 Toxic if swalloed

H311 Toxic in contact with skin

H315 Causes skin irritation

H319 Causes serious eye irritation

H360 May damage fertility or the unborn child

H372 Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure

H400 Very toxic to aquatic life

H410 Very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects

P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P273 Avoid release to the environment.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.

P309 IF exposed or if you feel unwell:

P310 Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continuerinsing.

P264 Wash ... thoroughly after handling.

P270 Do not eat, drink or smoke when using this product.

P280 Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection/hearing protection/...

P203 Obtain, read and follow all safety instructions before use.

P260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.

P273 Avoid release to the environment.

P301+P316 IF SWALLOWED: Get emergency medical help immediately.

P321 Specific treatment (see ... on this label).

P330 Rinse mouth.

P302+P352 IF ON SKIN: Wash with plenty of water/...

P317 Get medical help.

P362+P364 Take off contaminated clothing and wash it before reuse.

P332+P317 If skin irritation occurs: Get medical help.

P305+P351+P338 IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes. Remove contact lenses, if present and easy to do. Continue rinsing.

P318 IF exposed or concerned, get medical advice.

P319 Get medical help if you feel unwell.

P391 Collect spillage.

P405 Store locked up.

P501 Dispose of contents/container to an appropriate treatment and disposal facility in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, and product characteristics at time of disposal.

no data available

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Give one or two glasses of water to drink. Refer for medical attention .

ACUTE/CHRONIC HAZARDS: This material is toxic by ingestion and inhalation and is a skin and eye irritant. (NTP, 1992)

The calculated half-time for elimination of TBTO residues in mice is 29 days.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

This chemical is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations. Do NOT wash away into sewer.

Do NOT wash away into sewer. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment.

NO open flames. Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Well closed. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.NO open flames.

no data available

Ensure adequate ventilation. Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Set up emergency exits and the risk-elimination area.

Wear safety spectacles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Use ventilation, local exhaust or breathing protection.

no data available

Decomposes on burning. This produces toxic fumes.

no data available

Combustible.BIS(TRIBUTYLTIN) OXIDE may react vigorously with oxidizing agents and with reducing agents.

no data available

no data available

When heated to decomposition it emits acrid and irritating fumes.

no data available

no data available

no data available

no data available

WEIGHT OF EVIDENCE CHARACTERIZATION: Classification -- D, not classifiable as to human carcinogenicity. Basis -- There are no data in humans concerning development of cancer following exposure to tributyltin oxide (TBTO). Cancer bioassays following oral exposure have been conducted in rats and mice. The bioassay in rats shows increases in benign pituitary tumors, pheochromocytomas, and parathyroid tumors at the highest doses tested. The significance of these tumors, which normally occur in this strain of rat with variable incidence, is unclear. The bioassay in mice showed no increase in tumors at any site. There are no structure-activity relationships suggesting that TBTO might be a carcinogen. Because of the questionable data from the bioassay in rats, EPA assigns TBTO to category D or to the "cannot be determined" category. HUMAN CARCINOGENICITY DATA: none

no data available

The substance is irritating to the eyes and skin. Inhalation of the aerosol may cause lung oedema. See Notes. The substance may cause effects on the thymus. This may result in depression of the immune function.

no data available

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20°C on spraying.

Tributyltin degraded with a half-life of 20 weeks in Toronto Harbor (Canada) water in the dark at 20 deg C; dibutyltin, monobutyltin and inorganic tin was detected as products(1). The half-life increased when the water was spiked with high levels of tributyltin (1 mg/l) presumably because the higher tin concns inhibited or killed the microorganisms(1). The half-life of tributyltin present in sediment-water mixtures was shorter than in water alone, 16 weeks at 20 deg C in the dark(1). Bis(tributyltin) oxide biodegrades in soil and wood by stepwise dealkylation(2). Degradation is more rapid under aerobic than anaerobic conditions(2). Degradation in wood could be due to wood rotting fungi that have been shown to degrade bis(tributyltin) oxide in pure cultures(2). The detection of small quantities of methyltributyltin in the experiments with non-sterile mixtures of Toronto Harbor (Canada) water and sediment and in water alone indicates that microorganisms are present that can methylate tributyltin(1). Half-lives as low as 6 and 7 days have been reported for incubation in water from a yacht harbor in San Diego Bay (California) in the presence of light and absence of light, respectively; at a clean water site, the respective half-lives were 9 and 19 days(3). The experimenters ruled out direct photolysis in these experiments as a cause of the increased degradation rate(3). In a marine mesocosm experiment, the biodegradation rate calculated from the gross removal rate less adsorption and volatilization transport rates was 0.08/day (half-life 9 days) at 20 deg C(3). Other reported degradation half-lives for tributyltin include: 5.5 mo (marine sediment); 4 mo (aerobic freshwater/sediment); 2 mo (seawater at 5 deg F); 6-19 days (estuarine waters) 6 days (freshwater at 5 deg F); 6-17 days estuarine water; 4-13 days (estuarine water)(4). Several fungi have reported to dealkylate bis(tributyltin) oxide yielding a dibutyltin compound as the primary product(5).

The BCFs in crucian carp (Carassius carassius grandoculis) obtained in a 7-day experiment were 589 (muscle), 457 (vertebra); 5012 (liver); and 3162 (kidney)(1). Marine mussels bioaccumulate bis(tributyltin) oxide when it is dissolved in water or associated with phytoplankton; BCF are approximately 5000 from water and <2 from food (on a ug/g basis(2). Mantle or muscle tissue had tributyltin burdens about one third that of gills or viscera(2). Uptake was rapid, but higher when accumulation was via ingestion(2). Depuration occurred with a half-life of about 14 days(2). Neither the presence humic acids or kaolin significantly reduced accumulation(2). The different accumulation by different tissues correlate with their lipid content, suggesting that bioaccumulation is a partitioning process(2). Tributyltin was accumulated by fish at a constant rate reaching tissue concn of 1810 (muscle) and 4580 (gall bladder) expressed as bis(tributyltin) oxide but did not react a steady state concn in the 38-day experiment(3). BCFs for tributyltin in oysters ranged from 1000 (water concn 0.15 ug/l) and 5000 (water concn 1.25 ug/l)(4). In 56-day experiments, the BCF of bis(tributyultin) oxide in three marine species of fish ranged from 2400-11,000(5). The elimination rate constants ranged from 0.024 to 0.094 and the biological half-lives ranged from 7.4 to 28.8 days(5). In studies in which the bioaccumulation and elimination of tributyltin in red sea bream (Pagrus major) was by direct uptake from water, from diet, and from both simultaneously, about a quarter of the bioaccumulation was due to dietary uptake(6). The accumulation factor for dietary uptake was 0.26-0.38 on a dry wt basis(6). The elimination rate was 0.031-0.037/day and was independent of the source of uptake, water or diet(6). Bioaccumulation was also independent of the form of tributyltin in the diet(6). Marine mussels (Mytilus graynus) collected in a lightly contaminated area and transplanted to a highly contaminated area had a BCF of 10,500 for tributyltin; the half-life was 4.68 days(6). Blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) collected from a highly contaminated area and transplanted to a lightly contaminated area had a BCF of 10,400 for tributyltin; the half-life was 4.82 days(7). Oligochaetes accumulate sediment-associated tributyltin, thus making it available to bottom feeding fish(2).

No leaching of tributyltin was observed in several soils (clay, sand, topsoil and silt) during periods as long as 16 weeks(1). Tributyltin binds strongly to sediment with the distribution constant for Toronto Harbor sediment and water as 2180 at 20 deg C(2). Very little tributyltin or inorganic tin was released from unshaken sediment in 10 months(2). However, other studies have shown that tributyltin does not adsorb appreciably to suspended particulate matter and that it is primarily associated with the dissolved fraction of estuarine water(3,4). This is in line with the observation that addition of humic acids or kaolin clay material does not significantly affect the measured bis(tributyltin) BCF in mussels(5), suggesting that bis(tributyltin) species are only weakly bound to these materials(SRC). Studies on the adsorption of tributyltin to a wide variety of sorbents yield sorption coefficients ranging from 110 to 350,000 l/kg, but the majority of sorption coefficients are about 1,000 l/kg(6). Adsorption is relatively fast (hours) and reversible(6). In a 278-day marine mesocosm experiment, the transport rate from the water column to sediment was 0.045/day(7). The distribution coefficient between dissolved state and particulate matter calculated from data between days 2-19 was 60,000 (standard deviation 30,000)(7). Other investigators obtained distribution constants for adsorption of tributyltin to particulate matter and sediment of 3400-9300 l/kg and 200-55,000 l/kg, respectively; values were a function of sediment type and location(7). The Freundlich parameters, log k and 1/n, for tributyl tin to sediment was 1.07 and 0.359, respectively(8). In soil microcosm experiments, small bis(tributyltin) oxide releases from wood treated with the compound was observed to migrate >10 cm from the wood with 86% of the compound residing within 5 cm of the wood; none of the compound was found in any layer below 10 cm nor in groundwater at the bottom of the microcosm chamber(8). These data suggest that bis(tributyltin) oxide can strongly bind to soil and sediment but that adsorption to suspended particulate and humic matter may be much weaker(SRC).

no data available

The material can be disposed of by removal to a licensed chemical destruction plant or by controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing. Do not contaminate water, foodstuffs, feed or seed by storage or disposal. Do not discharge to sewer systems.

Containers can be triply rinsed (or equivalent) and offered for recycling or reconditioning. Alternatively, the packaging can be punctured to make it unusable for other purposes and then be disposed of in a sanitary landfill. Controlled incineration with flue gas scrubbing is possible for combustible packaging materials.

ADR/RID: UN2788 (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: UN2788 (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: UN2788 (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: ORGANOTIN COMPOUND, LIQUID, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: ORGANOTIN COMPOUND, LIQUID, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: ORGANOTIN COMPOUND, LIQUID, N.O.S. (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: 6.1 (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: I (For reference only, please check.)

IMDG: I (For reference only, please check.)

IATA: I (For reference only, please check.)

ADR/RID: Yes

IMDG: Yes

IATA: Yes

no data available

no data available

The symptoms of lung oedema often do not become manifest until a few hours have passed and they are aggravated by physical effort. Rest and medical observation are therefore essential.Immediate administration of an appropriate inhalation therapy by a doctor, or by an authorized person, should be considered.