ANGIOTENSIN II, HUMAN synthesis

Angiotensin II is an endogenous potent vasoconstrictor peptide. The amino acid sequence of angiotensin II is Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe | His-Leu. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by stimulating the Gq protein in vascular smooth muscle cells (which in turn activates an IP3-dependent mechanism leading to a rise in intracellular calcium levels and ultimately causing contraction). In addition, angiotensin II acts at the Na/H exchanger in the proximal tubules of the kidney to stimulate Na reabsorption and H excretion which is coupled to bicarbonate reabsorption. This ultimately results in an increase in blood volume, pressure, and pH. Angiotensin II is degraded to angiotensin III by angiotensinases located in red blood cells and the vascular beds of most tissues. It has a half-life in circulation of around 30 seconds, whereas, in tissue, it may be as long as 15–30 minutes. Synthetic Description Reference: Marcelo Der Torossian T, Silva AF, Alves FL, Capurro ML, Miranda A, Vani Xavier O Jr. Highly potential antiplasmodial restricted peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2015 Feb;85(2):163-71. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.12354. Epub 2014 Jul 11. PubMed PMID: 24800635. Synthetic Description Reference: Silva AF, Bastos EL, Torres MD, Costa-da-Silva AL, Ioshino RS, Capurro ML, Alves FL, Miranda A, Vieira Rde F, Oliveira VX Jr. Antiplasmodial activity study of angiotensin II via Ala scan analogs. J Pept Sci. 2014 Aug;20(8):640-8. doi: 10.1002/psc.2641. Epub 2014 May 9. PubMed PMID: 24817179. Synthetic Description Reference: Tzakos, Andreas . Selective angiotensin receptor ligands and use in treatment of neoplasm and spinal cord injury . (Assignee Medical Research Council, UK) Synthetic Description Reference: Nakaie CR, Oliveira E, Vicente EF, Jubilut GN, Souza SE, Marchetto R, Cilli EM. Solid-phase peptide synthesis in highly loaded conditions. Bioorg Chem. 2011 Apr;39(2):101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2011.01.001. Epub 2011 Feb 4. PubMed PMID: 21353284. Synthetic Description Reference: Clayton D, Hanchapola I, Hausler N, Unabia S, Lew RA, Widdop RE, Smith AI, Perlmutter P, Aguilar MI. β-Amino acid substitution to investigate the recognition of angiotensin II (AngII) by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). J Mol Recognit. 2011 Mar-Apr;24(2):235-44. doi: 10.1002/jmr.1041. PubMed PMID: 20549604.

• ROUTE 1



Reference: Marcelo Der Torossian T, Silva AF, Alves FL, Capurro ML, Miranda A, Vani Xavier O Jr. Highly potential antiplasmodial restricted peptides. Chem Biol Drug Des. 2015 Feb;85(2):163-71. doi: 10.1111/cbdd.12354. Epub 2014 Jul 11. PubMed PMID: 24800635.

• ROUTE 2



Reference: Silva AF, Bastos EL, Torres MD, Costa-da-Silva AL, Ioshino RS, Capurro ML, Alves FL, Miranda A, Vieira Rde F, Oliveira VX Jr. Antiplasmodial activity study of angiotensin II via Ala scan analogs. J Pept Sci. 2014 Aug;20(8):640-8. doi: 10.1002/psc.2641. Epub 2014 May 9. PubMed PMID: 24817179.

• ROUTE 3



Reference: Tzakos, Andreas . Selective angiotensin receptor ligands and use in treatment of neoplasm and spinal cord injury . (Assignee Medical Research Council, UK)

• ROUTE 4



Reference: Nakaie CR, Oliveira E, Vicente EF, Jubilut GN, Souza SE, Marchetto R, Cilli EM. Solid-phase peptide synthesis in highly loaded conditions. Bioorg Chem. 2011 Apr;39(2):101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2011.01.001. Epub 2011 Feb 4. PubMed PMID: 21353284.

• ROUTE 5



Reference: Clayton D, Hanchapola I, Hausler N, Unabia S, Lew RA, Widdop RE, Smith AI, Perlmutter P, Aguilar MI. β-Amino acid substitution to investigate the recognition of angiotensin II (AngII) by angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). J Mol Recognit. 2011 Mar-Apr;24(2):235-44. doi: 10.1002/jmr.1041. PubMed PMID: 20549604.

• ROUTE 6



Castillo Gomez, Juan Daniel; Hagenbach, Adelheid; Abram, Ulrich. Propargyl-Substituted Thiocarbamoylbenzamidines of Technetium and Rhenium: Steps towards Bioconjugation with Use of Click Chemistry. European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry. Volume 2016. Issue 35. Pages 5427-5434. 2016.

• ROUTE 7



Jubilut, Guita Nicolaewsky; Cilli, Eduardo Maffud; Crusca, Edson, Jr.; Silva, Elias Horacio; Okada, Yoshio; Nakaie, Clovis Ryuichi. Comparative investigation of the cleavage step in the synthesis of model peptide resins: implications for Nα-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-solid phase peptide synthesis. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. Volume 55. Issue 3. Pages 468-470. 2007.