1,3,5,7-テトラニトロオクタヒドロ-1,3,5,7-テトラゾシン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
シクロテトラメチレンテトラニトラミン,HMX，オクトーゲンとも呼ばれる。シクロトリメチレントリニトラミン(RDX)とよく似ており，無水酢酸法でRDXを製造する際にわずかに副生する。製造条件によってはHMXの収率を高めることができる。無色の結晶で，α,β,γ,δの4種の結晶形があるが，β型が安定で衝撃に対しても比較的鈍感なので，β‐HMXが高性能耐熱爆薬の主成分として用いられる。爆速は比重1.89のとき9110m/sで，実用爆薬のなかでは最高である。
用途
火薬、爆薬
化学的特性
HMX (high-melting explosive) is a completely
N-nitrated, eight-membered heterocyclic ring compound analogous
to RDX. HMX has a molecular weight of 296.16 and a
melting point of 204°C. Virtually none of the toxicity information
on HMX was published, but it was reviewed by the
EPA.
使用
HMX has uses similar to RDX, that is, as a base charge for
detonators and as an ingredient of bursting-charge and plastic
explosives by the military.
定義
ChEBI: A tetrazocane that is 1,3,5,7-tetrazocane in which the hydrogen atom attached to each of the nitrogens is replaced by a nitro group.
一般的な説明
A white crystalline solid. Melting point 281°C. Practically insoluble in water. Water slurry mitigates explosion hazard. Used in solid propellants and explosives. The primary hazard is the blast effect and not flying projectiles and fragments.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
HMX is a high explosive. May begin a vigorous reaction that culminates in a detonation if mixed with reducing agents, including hydrides, sulfides and nitrides. May explode in the presence of a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide even in the presence of water. Presence of metal oxides increases thermal sensitivity. Wetting reduces sensitivity toward detonation.
健康ハザード
Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases.
火災危険
MAY EXPLODE AND THROW FRAGMENTS 1600 meters (1 MILE) OR MORE IF FIRE REACHES CARGO.
安全性プロファイル
A poison by ingestion
and intravenous routes. An explosive.
Decomposes violently at 279OC. When
heated to decomposition it emits toxicfumes of NOx. See also EXPLOSIVES,
HIGH.
職業ばく露
A potential danger to those involved
in the manufacture of this material and its handling in
munitions and solid-propellant manufacture. It is also used
as a rat poison; a powerful military explosive; a base
charge for detonators; and in plastic explosives.
輸送方法
UN0483 Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, desensi-
tized or Cyclonite, desensitized or Hexogen, desensitized or
RDX, desensitized, Hazard Class: 1D; Labels: 1D-
Explosive (with a mass explosion hazard); D-Substances or
articles which may mass detonate (with blast and/or frag-
ment hazard) when exposed to fire. UN0072
Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine, wetted or Cyclonite, wetted
or Hexogen, wetted or RDX, wetted with not ,15% water
by mass, Hazard Class: 1D; Labels: 1D-Explosive (with a
mass explosion hazard); D-Substances or articles which
may mass detonate (with blast and/or fragment hazard)
when exposed to fire.
不和合性
Heat, physical damage, shock, and deto-
nators. Detonates on contact with mercury fulminate. Keep
away from other explosives, combustibles, oxidizers (such
as chlorates, nitrates, perchlorates, permanganates, perox-
ides; bromine, chlorine, and fluorine); reducing agents; and
aqueous alkaline solutions.
廃棄物の処理
Pour over soda ash, neutralize
and flush to sewer with water. Also HMX may be recov-
ered from solid propellant waste.
1,3,5,7-テトラニトロオクタヒドロ-1,3,5,7-テトラゾシン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品