Organic reagents

From early AD to mid-19 century, people mainly use the natural organic substance (such as animal and plant extracts) for qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. From the second half of the 19th century to the 1920s, it had begun to appear of artificially synthetic organic reagent such as using potassium acetate xanthan for test of nickel, copper, and molybdenum; using morin for test of aluminum; using diazo coupling reaction for the detection of Nitrite; using α-β-nitroso naphthol for detection of cobalt; using dimethyglyoxime for nickel test.

After the proposal of the special-effects group in the 1930s and the proposal of theoretical analysis of functional groups theory in 1950s, people had carried out large-scale screen of organic reagents in search of special-effects analysis groups for different ions and had successfully synthesized a lot of agents of practical value (such as copper reagents, new copper agent, cadmium reagents, beryllium reagent, thorium reagents, etc.). Before the 1950s, the complex compound, in analytic chemistry, is mainly used in the aspects of the precipitation reaction of a binary chelate for the qualitative detection, precipitate isolation and gravimetric separation and other aspects. In the early 1950s and 1960, it is mainly in the form of complexometric titration. From the beginning of the late 1960s, the main focus has been moved to the photometric analysis. Meanwhile, it has been also developed of chelate organic solvent extraction.

8-hydroxy quinoline, hydrazones, oximes, hydroxamic acids, polyphenols, 1, 10-phenanthroline, phosphorus-oxygen extractant, β- diketones, triphenylmethane acid dye, xanthene dyes and azo dyes and other agents has all been widely studied and applied. On the other hand, the structural theoretical research (such as electronic effects, spatial effects and substituent effects) of the organic reagent can further facilitate the development of new-type organic reagents such as heterocyclic azo reagent. During this period, it has been also developed of monoazo chromotropic acid-type and disazo chromotropic acid-type reagent. During the mid-1970s, the chelating resin and adsorbents have achieved rapid development. Since the 1980s, Chinese researchers of analytical chemistry have made progress in the field of the synthesis and application of asymmetric disazo chromotropic acid.

Organic chemical reagents have wide application in analytic chemistry and are mainly used in solvents, precipitation agents, complexing agents, indicator, coloring reagent and surface active agent, etc. In order to adapt to a variety of analytical needs, sometimes it is required to purify certain reagents. For example, liquid organic reagent is often purified by distillation while solid substance is often purified through crystallization and sublimation. Substance having a high vapor pressure, namely having low purification boiling point and undergoing no decomposition under boiling temperature commonly applied atmospheric distillation; for less volatile and water-insoluble substance, namely having high purification point or undergoing decomposition under boiling temperature, we can apply vacuum distillation or steam distillation for purification of it.

Distillation is a commonly used method for laboratory purification of organic reagent. Conventional distillation apparatus generally comprises distiller, condenser and receiver, three parts with auxiliary section also containing heater, a thermometer, a wetted tube and cork.

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Structure Chemical Name CAS MF
THIOSINAMINE THIOSINAMINE 185147-29-9 C4H8N2S
1-METHYL-3-N-OCTYLIMIDAZOLIUM BROMIDE 1-METHYL-3-N-OCTYLIMIDAZOLIUM BROMIDE 61545-99-1 C12H23BrN2
TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM P-TOLUENESULFONATE TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM P-TOLUENESULFONATE 3983-91-3 C11H19NO3S
N-METHYLPHENETHYLAMINE N-METHYLPHENETHYLAMINE 589-08-2 C9H13N
TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMINO)DIBORON TETRAKIS(DIMETHYLAMINO)DIBORON 1630-79-1 C8H24B2N4
2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanol 2,4-Dimethyl-3-pentanol 600-36-2 C7H16O
PHENYLSELENENYL CHLORIDE PHENYLSELENENYL CHLORIDE 5707-04-0 C6H5ClSe
N-Acetoxysuccinimide N-Acetoxysuccinimide 14464-29-0 C6H7NO4
ACROLEIN 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE ACROLEIN 2,4-DINITROPHENYLHYDRAZONE 888-54-0 C9H8N4O4
4-Chlorobenzhydrol 4-Chlorobenzhydrol 119-56-2 C13H11ClO
(+)-Taddol (+)-Taddol 93379-49-8 C31H30O4
1,3-Bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene 1,3-Bis(isocyanatomethyl)benzene 3634-83-1 C10H8N2O2
4,4'-DIMETHYLBENZIL 4,4'-DIMETHYLBENZIL 3457-48-5 C16H14O2
Dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate Dimethyl 5-hydroxyisophthalate 13036-02-7 C10H10O5
DL-Pantolactone DL-Pantolactone 79-50-5 C6H10O3
1-Cyclohexenyloxytrimethylsilane 1-Cyclohexenyloxytrimethylsilane 6651-36-1 C9H18OSi
4-Ethoxybenzoyl chloride 4-Ethoxybenzoyl chloride 16331-46-7 C9H9ClO2
1,9-DIPHENYL-1,3,6,8-NONATETRAEN-5-ONE 1,9-DIPHENYL-1,3,6,8-NONATETRAEN-5-ONE 622-21-9 C21H18O
Phenyl tribromomethyl sulfone Phenyl tribromomethyl sulfone 17025-47-7 C7H5Br3O2S
Ethyl diacetoacetate Ethyl diacetoacetate 603-69-0 C8H12O4
2,5-Dihydroxyterephthalic acid 2,5-Dihydroxyterephthalic acid 610-92-4 C8H6O6
Methyl 2-formylbenzoate Methyl 2-formylbenzoate 4122-56-9 C9H8O3
METHYL 3-IODO-4-METHOXYBENZOATE METHYL 3-IODO-4-METHOXYBENZOATE 35387-93-0 C9H9IO3
N-BROMOACETAMIDE N-BROMOACETAMIDE 79-15-2 C2H4BrNO
Tetrapropyl ammonium chloride Tetrapropyl ammonium chloride 5810-42-4 C12H28ClN
N,N-Dimethylacetoacetamide N,N-Dimethylacetoacetamide 2044-64-6 C6H11NO2
EATON'S REAGENT EATON'S REAGENT 39394-84-8 CH4O8P2S
2-NITROBENZHYDRAZIDE 2-NITROBENZHYDRAZIDE 606-26-8 C7H7N3O3
2,3-DIMETHYL-4-NITROANISOLE 2,3-DIMETHYL-4-NITROANISOLE 81029-03-0 C9H11NO3
Chloromethyldichloromethylsilane Chloromethyldichloromethylsilane 1558-33-4 C2H5Cl3Si
ALPHA-AMINO-GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE HYDROBROMIDE ALPHA-AMINO-GAMMA-BUTYROLACTONE HYDROBROMIDE 6305-38-0 C4H8BrNO2
1-VINYLNAPHTHALENE 1-VINYLNAPHTHALENE 826-74-4 C12H10
2-Chloro-5-methoxyphenylboronic acid 2-Chloro-5-methoxyphenylboronic acid 89694-46-2 C7H8BClO3
4-Methoxybenzoylacetonitrile 4-Methoxybenzoylacetonitrile 3672-47-7 C10H9NO2
2-IODO-3-METHYLBENZOIC ACID 2-IODO-3-METHYLBENZOIC ACID 108078-14-4 C8H7IO2
4-Phenyl-2-butanol 4-Phenyl-2-butanol 2344-70-9 C10H14O
1-HEXYL-3-PHENYL-2-THIOUREA 1-HEXYL-3-PHENYL-2-THIOUREA 15153-13-6 C13H20N2S
2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)THIOPHENOL 2-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)THIOPHENOL 13333-97-6 C7H5F3S
N-BUTYLDIMETHYLCHLOROSILANE N-BUTYLDIMETHYLCHLOROSILANE 1000-50-6 C6H15ClSi
ANISOIN ANISOIN 119-52-8 C16H16O4
3,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone 3,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone 10425-11-3 C13H10O3
Methylenaminoacetonitrile Methylenaminoacetonitrile 109-82-0 C3H4N2
3-NITRO THIOANISOLE 3-NITRO THIOANISOLE 2524-76-7 C7H7NO2S
DIBENZYL MALONATE DIBENZYL MALONATE 15014-25-2 C17H16O4
2,3,6-TRICHLOROBENZALDEHYDE 2,3,6-TRICHLOROBENZALDEHYDE 4659-47-6 C7H3Cl3O
4-(5,5-Dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde 4-(5,5-Dimethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)benzaldehyde 128376-65-8 C12H15BO3
1-NAPHTHOL-8-SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 1-NAPHTHOL-8-SULFONIC ACID SODIUM SALT 20215-36-5 C10H7NaO4S
Monoacetin Monoacetin 26446-35-5 C5H10O4
3-Nitrobenzylammonium hydrochloride 3-Nitrobenzylammonium hydrochloride 26177-43-5 C7H8N2O2.ClH
TRIMETHYLSILYLBENZENESULFONATE TRIMETHYLSILYLBENZENESULFONATE 17872-92-3 C10H16O2SSi
(4-METHYL-1-NAPHTHALENE)BORONIC ACID (4-METHYL-1-NAPHTHALENE)BORONIC ACID 103986-53-4 C11H11BO2
Cyanoacetylurea Cyanoacetylurea 1448-98-2 C4H5N3O2
Ethyl propenyl ether Ethyl propenyl ether 928-55-2 C5H10O
DL-3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt DL-3-Hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt 150-83-4 C4H7NaO3
Lauroyl peroxide Lauroyl peroxide 105-74-8 C24H46O4
TRANS-2-OCTENOIC ACID TRANS-2-OCTENOIC ACID 1871-67-6 C8H14O2
1-Diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid 1-Diazo-2-naphthol-4-sulfonic acid 887-76-3 C10H8N2O4S
Tetrabutylammonium triflate Tetrabutylammonium triflate 35895-70-6 C17H36F3NO3S
7-Bromo-1-heptanol 7-Bromo-1-heptanol 10160-24-4 C7H15BrO
5-METHOXYISOPHTHALIC ACID 5-METHOXYISOPHTHALIC ACID 46331-50-4 C9H8O5
1-Nonyne 1-Nonyne 3452-09-3 C9H16
3-METHOXYBENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE 3-METHOXYBENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE 10130-74-2 C7H7ClO3S
(R)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahedro-naphthoic acid (R)-1,2,3,4-Tetrahedro-naphthoic acid 23357-47-3 C11H12O2
3,3'-THIODIPROPIONITRILE 3,3'-THIODIPROPIONITRILE 111-97-7 C6H8N2S
(2R,4R)-(-)-PENTANEDIOL (2R,4R)-(-)-PENTANEDIOL 42075-32-1 C5H12O2
1-(4-Butylphenyl)ethan-1-one 1-(4-Butylphenyl)ethan-1-one 37920-25-5 C12H16O
BIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)CARBONATE BIS(PENTAFLUOROPHENYL)CARBONATE 59483-84-0 C13F10O3
CUPROUS TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE TOLUENE COMPLEX CUPROUS TRIFLUOROMETHANESULFONATE TOLUENE COMPLEX 48209-28-5 C9H5Cu2F6O6S2
Phenylpropiolic acid Phenylpropiolic acid 637-44-5 C9H6O2
3-Amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid 3-Amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid 618-84-8 C7H6N2O4
2-METHOXY-5-METHYLPHENYLTHIOUREA 2-METHOXY-5-METHYLPHENYLTHIOUREA 88686-29-7 C9H12N2OS
3-Chloropropionaldehyde diethylacetal 3-Chloropropionaldehyde diethylacetal 35573-93-4 C7H15ClO2
9-Hydroxyxanthene 9-Hydroxyxanthene 90-46-0 C13H10O2
2-BROMO-2-PHENYLACETOPHENONE 2-BROMO-2-PHENYLACETOPHENONE 1484-50-0 C14H11BrO
4-FLUOROBENZYL MERCAPTAN 4-FLUOROBENZYL MERCAPTAN 15894-04-9 C7H7FS
2-(METHYLTHIO)ETHYLAMINE 2-(METHYLTHIO)ETHYLAMINE 18542-42-2 C3H9NS
2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate 2-(2-Butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate 124-17-4 C10H20O4
Tetrahydromethyl-1,3-isobenzofurandione Tetrahydromethyl-1,3-isobenzofurandione 11070-44-3 C9H10O3
(S)-(+)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone p-toluenesulfonate (S)-(+)-5-(Hydroxymethyl)-2-pyrrolidinone p-toluenesulfonate 51693-17-5 C12H15NO4S
3,3'-DINITROBENZOPHENONE 3,3'-DINITROBENZOPHENONE 21222-05-9 C13H8N2O5
2-Iodosobenzoic acid 2-Iodosobenzoic acid 304-91-6 C7H5IO3
DIETHYL DIETHYLMALONATE DIETHYL DIETHYLMALONATE 77-25-8 C11H20O4
8-ACETYL DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN 8-ACETYL DIMETHOXYCOUMARIN 3949-36-8 C11H8O3
N-ME-AIB-OH HCL N-ME-AIB-OH HCL 2566-34-9 C5H11NO2
Nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid Nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonic acid 375-73-5 C4HF9O3S
1-DIETHYLAMINO-2-PROPANOL 1-DIETHYLAMINO-2-PROPANOL 4402-32-8 C7H17NO
5-Fluoroorotic acid 5-Fluoroorotic acid 703-95-7 C5H3FN2O4
1,5-Hexadiene-3,4-diol 1,5-Hexadiene-3,4-diol 1069-23-4 C6H10O2
4,4'-Biphenyldiboronic acid 4,4'-Biphenyldiboronic acid 4151-80-8 C12H12B2O4
4-BENZYLPHENOL 4-BENZYLPHENOL 101-53-1 C13H12O
5-Chlorovaleric acid 5-Chlorovaleric acid 1119-46-6 C5H9ClO2
4-METHOXY-O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE 4-METHOXY-O-PHENYLENEDIAMINE 102-51-2 C7H10N2O
Heptyltriphenylphosphonium bromide Heptyltriphenylphosphonium bromide 13423-48-8 C25H30BrP
4-Pentylbenzoic acid 4-Pentylbenzoic acid 26311-45-5 C12H16O2
1,4-BENZENEDIMETHANETHIOL 1,4-BENZENEDIMETHANETHIOL 105-09-9 C8H10S2
1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethanol 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)ethanol 403-41-8 C8H9FO
2-Bromo-1-indanol 2-Bromo-1-indanol 5400-80-6 C9H9BrO
N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraacetylglycoluril N,N',N'',N'''-Tetraacetylglycoluril 10543-60-9 C12H14N4O6
4-CYANOBENZAMIDE 4-CYANOBENZAMIDE 3034-34-2 C8H6N2O
Bromotriphenylethylene Bromotriphenylethylene 1607-57-4 C20H15Br
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