Functions of N-acetyl glucosamine

N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) is a newer pigment reduction agent. It is an amino-monosaccharide produced in the body by adding an amino group to glucose.

Functions

N-acetyl glucosamine has multiple functions in the body, including acting as a substrate for hyaluronic acid, proteoglycan, and heparin sulphite production. Additionally, N-acetyl glucosamine helps to maintain proper dermal water balance. Regarding its functionality as a pigment-lightening agent, N-Acetyl glucosamine inhibits glycosylation of tyrosinase, which is required for melanin production.

Furthermore, NAG reduces the amount of melanin in melanocytes, therefore lightening hyperpigmented skin. In one study, 2% NAG was shown to improve facial hyperpigmentation after eight weeks of application.Combining NAG with niacinamide has been shown to have greater efficacy in improving hyperpigmented skin in clinical studies.N-acetyl glucosamine comprises a number of cosmeceuticals for skin lightening. 

Possible Side Effects

Although little is known about the long-term safety of N-acetylglucosamine supplements, they are generally regarded as safe (GRAS) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Side effects tend to be mild and may include:

Bloating

Constipation

Diarrhea

Flatulence

Heartburn

Indigestion

Nausea

Stomach upset