Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API), popularly speaking, are the raw materials of medicines, only pharmaceutical raw materials are processed into pharmaceutical preparations , can they become medicines available for clinical use, so drugs we usually eat are the finished drugs through processing. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients based on its sources can be divided into two major categories ,including chemical synthetic drugs and natural chemical drugs. Chemical synthetic drugs can be divided into organic synthetic drugs and inorganic synthetic drugs. Inorganic synthetic drugs are inorganic compounds ( very few is element), such as aluminum hydroxide, magnesium trisilicate which are used for the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers ; organic synthetic drugs are mainly composed of drugs made by basic organic chemical raw materials, through a series of organic chemical reactions (such as aspirin, chloramphenicol, caffeine, etc.). Natural chemical drugs ,based on its sources,can be divided into two categories including biochemical drugs and plant chemical drugs. Antibiotics are generally made by the microbial fermentation, which belongs to the biochemistry category. A variety of semi-synthetic antibiotics occurs in recent years,which are biosynthesis and chemical synthesis combining products.Among active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, the organic synthetic drugs varieties, yields and values have the largest proportion,which are the main pillars of the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. The quality of active Pharmaceutical Ingredients decides whether the formulation is good or bad , so its quality standards are very strict ,countries in the world have developed national pharmacopoeia standards and strict quality control methods for its widely used active Pharmaceutical ingredients.
The preparation method of polysorbate 20
Polysorbate 20 is a commonly used excipient in biopharmaceutical formulations, some of which may have an enzymatic activity
Apr 8,2022 APIIndustrial production method of dicyclopentadiene
Dicyclopentadiene (C10H12) is a dimer of cyclopentadiene with a boiling point of 170°C, a melting point of 315°C and a density of 0.979.
Apr 8,2022 APIUses and side effects of Telbivudine
Telbivudine (b-L-2u-deoxythymidine) is the unmodified b-L-enantiomer of the natural nucleoside D-thymidine. This nucleoside analog is a potent inhibitor of the replication of hepadnaviruses, including
Apr 6,2022 APIAdverse effects of Adefovir dipivoxil
Adefovir dipivoxil is a white to off-white crystalline powder with an intrinsic aqueous solubility in water of 19 mg/ml at pH 2 and 0.4 mg/ml at pH 7.2.
Apr 6,2022 APIMechanism of action of Entecavir
Entecavir (BMS-200475) is a guanosine nucleoside analog with selective activity against hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as some activity toward HIV. It is marketed as Baracludes, and received regulat
Apr 6,2022 APIUses and Side effects of Elvitegravir
Elvitegravir (brand name Vitekta) is a drug used as part of antiretroviral therapy (ART). The FDA approved elvitegravir in 2012 as an antiretroviral drug (ARV) for people with HIV infection. Elvitegra
Apr 2,2022 APISide effects of Maraviroc
Maraviroc was synthesized by Pfizer Inc as UK-427,857 (4, 4-difluoro- N-[(1S)-3-[exo-3-(3-isopropyl-5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)-8-azabicyclo[ 3.2.1]oct-8-yl]-1-phenylpropyl]cyclohexanecarboxamide)
Apr 2,2022 APISide effects of Enfuvirtide
Enfuvirtide is an antiretroviral drug used in salvage regimens in (usually) highly drug-experienced individuals that suppresses replication of HIV-1 strains with multidrug resistance to reverse transc
Apr 2,2022 APIMechanism of action of Tipranavir
Tipranavir (formerly known as PNU-140690) is the first of a new class of nonpeptide protease inhibitors, the dihydropyrone sulfonamides. Tipranavir was developed and is marketed by Boehringer Ingelhei
Apr 2,2022 APIUses and Side effects of Atazanavir
Atazanavir (ATV) sulfate, (3S,8S,9S,12S)-3,12-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)- 8-hydroxy-4,11-dioxo-9-(phenylmethyl)-6-[[4-(2-pyridinyl)phenyl] methyl]-2,5,6,10,13-pentaazatetradecanedioic acid dimethyl ester
Apr 2,2022 API