2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
ERSCHEINUNGSBILD
FARBLOSE LEICHT VISKOSE FLüSSIGKEIT.
CHEMISCHE GEFAHREN
Kann polymerisieren Zersetzung bei Kontakt mit starken Säuren und Basen, Metallsalzen oder Metallen unter Feuer- und Explosionsgefahr. Greift Kunststoff und Gummi an.
ARBEITSPLATZGRENZWERTE
TLV: 2 ppm (als TWA); Krebskategorie A3 (bestätigte krebserzeugende Wirkung beim Tier mit unbekannter Bedeutung für den Menschen); (ACGIH 2005).
MAK: Hautresorption; Krebserzeugend Kategorie 2; (DFG 2005).
AUFNAHMEWEGE
Aufnahme in den Körper durch Inhalation der Dämpfe, über die Haut und durch Verschlucken.
INHALATIONSGEFAHREN
Beim Verdampfen bei 20°C kann schnell eine gesundheitsschädliche Kontamination der Luft eintreten.
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION
WIRKUNGEN BEI KURZZEITEXPOSITION: Die Substanz reizt die Augen, die Haut und die Atemwege. Möglich sind Auswirkungen auf das Zentralnervensystem. Exposition weit oberhalb der Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerte kann Bewusstseinstrübung verursachen.
WIRKUNGEN NACH WIEDERHOLTER ODER LANGZEITEXPOSITION
Wahrscheinlich krebserzeugend für den Menschen. Tierversuche zeigen, dass die Substanz möglicherweise fruchtbarkeitsschädigend oder entwicklungsschädigend wirken kann.
LECKAGE
Persönliche Schutzausrüstung: Chemikalienschutzanzug mit umgebungsluftunabhängigem Atemschutzgerät. Ausgelaufene Flüssigkeit möglichst in abdichtbaren Glas- oder Weichstahlbehältern sammeln. Reste mit trockenem Sand oder inertem Absorptionsmittel aufnehmen und an einen sicheren Ort bringen.
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R45:Kann Krebs erzeugen.
R60:Kann die Fortpflanzungsfähigkeit beeinträchtigen.
R21/22:Gesundheitsschädlich bei Berührung mit der Haut und beim Verschlucken.
R23:Giftig beim Einatmen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
R68:Irreversibler Schaden möglich.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S53:Exposition vermeiden - vor Gebrauch besondere Anweisungen einholen.
S45:Bei Unfall oder Unwohlsein sofort Arzt zuziehen (wenn möglich, dieses Etikett vorzeigen).
Beschreibung
Glycidol is a chiral molecule with epoxide and primary alcohol
functional groups. It is racemic mixture and exists in the
dextrorotatory and the levorotatory enantiomeric forms.
Several synthetic methods are available for preparation of glycidol.
However, it is commercially prepared from the epoxidation
of allyl alcohol with hydrogen peroxide and a catalyst
(tungsten or vanadium), or from the reaction of epichlorohydrin
with caustic. Glycidol has been used in the industrial
synthesis of pharmaceutical products since the 1970s.
However, its use for research purposes has been reported since
1956. Available information indicates that glycidol is manufactured
by several companies in Japan, Germany, and the
United States.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Glycidol is a colorless liquid.
Verwenden
Glycidol is a Stabilizer in the manufacture of vinyl polymers; chemical intermediate in preparation of glycerol, glycidyl ethers, esters, and amines; in pharmaceuticals; in sanitary chemicals.
Definition
an epoxide
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Odorless clear colorless liquid.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Sensitive to moisture.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Glycidol is sensitive to moisture. Glycidol is also sensitive to light. Glycidol may polymerize if heated above room temperature. Glycidol may darken on storage. Stability studies of Glycidol stored for two week protected from light indicated definite decomposition at 140° F, and strongly indicated instability at 77° F. A solution of Glycidol in water was found to be unstable when stored at room temperature, even after one day in the dark. Glycidol is incompatible with strong oxidizers. Glycidol will undergo explosive decomposition in the presence of strong acids or bases, salts (such as aluminum chloride, iron(III)chloride or tin(IV) chloride) or metals (such as copper and zinc). Glycidol is also incompatible with nitrates. Glycidol will attack some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings.
Hazard
Toxic material. Probable carcinogen.
Health Hazard
Glycidol is an eye, lung, and skin irri-tant. The pure compound caused severebut reversible corneal injury in rabbit eyes(ACGIH 1986). Exposure to its vapor causedirritation of lung in mice, resulting in pneu-monitis. There is no evidence of any cumula-tive toxicity. From the limited toxicity data,it appears that the health hazard to humansfrom its exposure is, primarily, respiratoryirritation, stimulation of the central nervoussystem, and depression.
Glycidol is mutagenic, testing positive inthe histidine reversion–Ames test. There isno report of its carcinogenic action. Oraland intraperitoneal administration of gly-cidol in rats showed harmful effects onfertility.
Brandgefahr
Glycidol is combustible.
Sicherheitsprofil
Confirmed carcinogen
with carcinogenic data reported. Poison by
intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by
ingestion, inhalation, and sh contact.
Experimental teratogenic and reproductive
effects. A skin irritant. Human mutation
data reported. Animal experiments suggest
somewhat lower toxicity than for related
epoxy compounds. Readdy absorbed
through the skin. Causes nervous excitation
followed by depression. Explodes when
heated or in the presence of strong acids,bases, metals (e.g., copper, zinc), and metal
salts (e.g., aluminum chloride, iron(II1)
chloride, tin(Iy chloride). When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
fumes. See also DIGLYCIDYL ETHER.
Synthese
A method for directly preparing glycidol from glycerol is shown as following steps: putting a mixed solvent in a glass or enamel reaction kettle, adding glycerol to the mixed solvent, controlling the concentration of glycerol in the reaction liquid within the range of 0.5-3.0 mol/L, then adding a catalyst, and controlling the quantity of the catalyst to account for 0.01-0.20 of the weight of the glycerol; increasing the temperature of the mixed reaction liquid to the range of 40-100 ℃ under stirring condition and reacting at a constant temperature for 2-20 hours; and after reaction, filtering off the catalyst from the reaction liquid, then distilling the mixed reaction liquid, and collecting the fraction in the range of 160-161 ℃, thereby obtaining the product 2,3-glycidol.
mögliche Exposition
Glycidol is used as an intermediate in
the synthesis of glycerol, glycidyl ethers, esters, and amines.
Carcinogenicity
Glycidol is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Environmental Fate
Chemical/Physical. May hydrolyze in water forming glycerin (Lyman et al., 1982).
Versand/Shipping
UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
läuterung methode
[S(-)-isomer, § also available on polymer support, has b 49-50o/7mm, 66-67o/19mm, [ ] D -1 5o(neat)], [R(+)-isomer has b 56 -5 6 . 5o/11mm, d 4 1.117, n D 1.429, [ ] D +15o (neat)]. Purify glycidol by fractional distillation.
Inkompatibilitäten
May form explosive mixture with air.
Violent reaction with strong oxidizers, nitrates.
Decomposes on contact (especially in the presence of heat)
with strong acids, strong bases, water, metal salts, e.g., alu minum chloride, ferric chloride, and tin chloride), or metals
(copper and zinc), causing fire and explosion hazard.
Contact with barium, lithium, sodium, magnesium, and tita nium may cause polymerization. Attacks some plastics,
rubber, and coatings.
Waste disposal
Concentrated waste contain ing no peroxides: discharge liquid at a controlled rate near
a pilot flame. Concentrated waste containing peroxides:
perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance
followed by open burning.
2,3-Epoxy-1-propanol Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
