STATINE Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Chemische Eigenschaften
white powder
Clinical Use
With the possible exception of atorvastatin, the
statins are used to lower LDL cholesterol in familial or
polygenic ( multifactorial) hypercholesterolemia (type
IIa) and in combination with triglyceride-lowering
drugs to treat combined hyperlipidemia (type IIb) when
both LDL and VLDL (very low density lipoproteins)
are elevated. However, the statins probably
should not be given with the fibrates (triglyceridelowering
drugs, discussed later), since this combination
may greatly increase statin toxicity. Atorvastatin, the
most potent of the available statins, has also
been shown to lower blood triglycerides significantly.
This effect may be due to decreasing hepatic cholesterol
and cholesterol ester levels to such an extent that
hepatic formation of VLDL is impaired.The statins also
have been claimed to reduce blood cholesterol levels
modestly in some patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia,
a condition often fatal in childhood
or in early adulthood.
The statins may lower the risk of CHD by decreasing
inflammation, an important component of atherogenesis.
Lovastatin decreased elevated plasma levels of Creactive
protein, a marker for cellular inflammation, and
acute coronary events in patients with relatively low
plasma cholesterol levels. Recent studies also suggest
that use of statins may decrease the risk of stroke, dementia,
and Alzheimer’s disease and may improve bone density in postmenopausal women. These broad actions
may be related to the hypocholesterolemic, antiproliferative,
antiinflammatory, or antioxidant properties of the
statins or some combination of these properties.
Nebenwirkungen
The statins generally appear to be well tolerated,
with muscle pain and liver dysfunction seen in 1 to 2%
of patients. However, the consequences of 20 to 30 years
of continuous use are unknown. This fact has been dramatically reinforced by the recent recognition of a
potentially fatal consequence of statin use. A relatively
common side effect of the statins (perhaps 1% of patients)
is myositis, that is, inflammation of skeletal muscle
accompanied by pain, weakness, and high levels of
serum creatine kinase. Rhabdomyolysis, i.e., disintegration
of muscle with urinary excretion of myoglobin and
kidney damage, was considered to be a rare and extreme
toxic outcome. However, cerivastatin (Baycol) has now
been withdrawn from the market by its manufacturer
(Bayer) because of 31 deaths linked to fatal rhabdomyolysis.
The risk of muscle damage is said to increase with
simultaneous use of the triglyceride-lowering fibrates.
Pravastatin may be less toxic than other statins because
it does not readily penetrate extrahepatic cells and may
be more confined to the liver after oral dosage.
STATINE Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
