Isopropylmyristat Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36:DE: Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung tragen.
Beschreibung
Isopropyl myristate is odorless when pure. May be synthesized by
conventional esterification of isopropanol with myristic acid.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Isopropyl myristate is a clear, colorless, practically odorless liquid of
low viscosity that congeals at about 5°C. It consists of esters of
propan-2-ol and saturated high molecular weight fatty acids,
principally myristic acid.
Occurrence
Reported found in kumquat peel oil, papaya, starfruit, plum brandy, coriander seed and loquat
Verwenden
In cosmetic and topical medicinal Preparations where good absorption through the skin is desired. A jellied isopropyl myristate was marketed as Estergel (Merck & Co.) .
synthetische
By conventional esterification of isopropanol with myristic acid
Vorbereitung Methode
Isopropyl myristate may be prepared either by the esterification of
myristic acid with propan-2-ol or by the reaction of myristoyl
chloride and propan-2-ol with the aid of a suitable dehydrochlorinating
agent. A high-purity material is also commercially available,
produced by enzymatic esterification at low temperature.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Isopropyl myristate is an ester of isopropyl alcohol myristic acid. It is mainly used as a solubilizer, emulsifier and emollient in cosmetic and topical medicines. It also finds applications as a flavoring agent in the food industry.
Pharmaceutical secondary standards for application in quality control, provide pharma laboratories and manufacturers with a convenient and cost-effective alternative to the preparation of in-house working standards.
Pharmazeutische Anwendungen
Isopropyl myristate is a nongreasy emollient that is absorbed readily
by the skin. It is used as a component of semisolid bases and as a
solvent for many substances applied topically. Applications in
topical pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations include bath oils;
make-up; hair and nail care products; creams; lotions; lip products;
shaving products; skin lubricants; deodorants; otic suspensions; and
vaginal creams. For example, isopropyl myristate is a
self-emulsifying component of a proposed cold cream formula,
which is suitable for use as a vehicle for drugs or dermatological
actives; it is also used cosmetically in stable mixtures of water and
glycerol.
Isopropyl myristate is used as a penetration enhancer for
transdermal formulations, and has been used in conjunction with
therapeutic ultrasound and iontophoresis.It has been used in a
water-oil gel prolonged-release emulsion and in various microemulsions.
Such microemulsions may increase bioavailability in topical
and transdermal applications. Isopropyl myristate has also been
used in microspheres, and significantly increased the release of drug
from etoposide-loaded microspheres.
Isopropyl myristate is used in soft adhesives for pressuresensitive
adhesive tapes.
Kontakt-Allergie
Despite wide use in cosmetics, perfumes, and topical
medicaments, isopropyl myristate is a very weak sen-
sitizer and a mild irritant.
Nebenwirkungen
Thrapecylate myristate is a medicine used to treat head lice infestations in adults and children 4 years of age and older. Common side effects include skin irritation, rash, and contact dermatitis.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Isopropyl myristate is widely used in cosmetics and topical
pharmaceutical formulations, and is generally regarded as a
nontoxic and nonirritant material.
LD50 (mouse, oral): 49.7 g/kg
LD50 (rabbit, skin): 5 g/kg
Synthese
Isopropyl myristate is synthesized by conventional esterification of iso-Propanol with Myristic acid.
Stoffwechsel
Higher molecular weight aliphatic esters are thought to be readily hydrolysed to the corresponding alcohols and acids which are then metabolized; isopropyl myristate is undoubtedly hydrolysed to normal metabolic products (Fassett, 1963). When myristic acid (as the ethyl ester) was fed to dogs,
Lager
Isopropyl myristate is resistant to oxidation and hydrolysis, and
does not become rancid. It should be stored in a well-closed
container in a cool, dry place and protected from light.
Inkompatibilitäten
When isopropyl myristate comes into contact with rubber, there is a
drop in viscosity with concomitant swelling and partial dissolution
of the rubber; contact with plastics, e.g. nylon and polyethylene,
results in swelling. Isopropyl myristate is incompatible with hard
paraffin, producing a granular mixture. It is also incompatible with
strong oxidizing agents.
Regulatory Status
Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database (otic, topical,
transdermal, and vaginal preparations). Used in nonparenteral
medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of
Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.
Isopropylmyristat Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
