GRAMICIDIN
- CAS No.
- 1405-97-6
- Chemical Name:
- GRAMICIDIN
- Synonyms
- GRAMICIDIN D;Aids002001;GRAMICIDIN;Aids-002001;Gramicidine;GRAMACIDIN D;Gramicidinum;GRAMICIDIN,USP;Gramicidin CRS;Gramicidin TFA
- CBNumber:
- CB1431216
- Molecular Formula:
- C99H140N20O17
- Molecular Weight:
- 1882.2947
- MOL File:
- 1405-97-6.mol
- Modify Date:
- 2024/7/25 20:04:51
| Melting point | 229-230℃ |
|---|---|
| storage temp. | 2-8°C |
| solubility | Practically insoluble in water, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in alcohol |
| form | Solid |
| color | White to Off-White |
| Water Solubility | Soluble in acetic acid and lower alcohols. Practically insoluble in water. |
| InChIKey | ZWCXYZRRTRDGQE-SORVKSEFSA-N |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 1405-97-6 |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Hazard Codes | Xn |
|---|---|
| Risk Statements | 20/21-36/37/38 |
| Safety Statements | 26-36-24/25-22 |
| WGK Germany | 3 |
| RTECS | MD8225000 |
| HS Code | 2941906000 |
| Toxicity | mouse,LD50,intravenous,1500ug/kg (1.5mg/kg),Science. Vol. 103, Pg. 419, 1946. |
GRAMICIDIN price More Price(4)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | G5002 | Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis) Linear polypeptide antibiotic complex. A mixture of gramicidins A, B, C, and D. | 1405-97-6 | 100MG | ₹2814.5 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | G5002 | Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis) Linear polypeptide antibiotic complex. A mixture of gramicidins A, B, C, and D. | 1405-97-6 | 500MG | ₹7642.45 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | G5002 | Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis) Linear polypeptide antibiotic complex. A mixture of gramicidins A, B, C, and D. | 1405-97-6 | 1G | ₹14256.53 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | G5002 | Gramicidin from Bacillus aneurinolyticus (Bacillus brevis) Linear polypeptide antibiotic complex. A mixture of gramicidins A, B, C, and D. | 1405-97-6 | 5G | ₹56430.73 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
GRAMICIDIN Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Description
Gramicidin is a polypeptide antibiotic mixture of gramicidin A , gramicidin B, and gramicidin C originally isolated from B. brevis. It is also a component of the antibiotic tyrothricin . Gramicidin is active against the Gram-positive bacterium S. aureus but not Gram-negative E. coli. It also protects mice from Pneumococcus infection in vivo when administered at a dose of 0.002 mg/animal. Gramicidin inhibits growth of bacteria by forming pores and channels in the cell wall, which increases its permeability to monovalent cations. Formulations containing gramicidin have been used as topical agents in the treatment of bacterial skin infections.
Chemical Properties
White, crystalline platelets. Soluble in lower alcohols, acetic acid, and pyridine; moderately soluble in dry acetone and dioxane; almost insoluble in water, ether, and hydrocarbons. Depresses surface tension, forms a fairly stable colloidal emulsion in distilled water.
Uses
Gramicidins are a family of linear pentadecapeptides isolated from Bacillus brevis by Dubos at the Rockefeller Institute in 1939. Gramicidin is a complex of six closely related analogues A1, A2, B1, B2, C1 and C2 where A1 and A2 are the dominant components. Gramidicins act by forming channels in cell membranes causing ion leakage, and is an essential bioprobe for understanding the nature of the cell membranes.
Definition
An antibiotic produced by the metabolic processes of the bacteria Bacillus brevis. It is a polypeptide that is active against most Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria. It is one of the two antibiotic components of tyrothricin but has been isolated and used
General Description
Gramicidin is obtained from tyrothricin, a mixture ofpolypeptides usually obtained by extraction of cultures of B.brevis. Tyrothricin was isolated in 1939 by Dubos in aplanned search to find an organism growing in soil that wouldhave antibiotic activity against human pathogens. With onlylimited use in therapy now, it is of historical interest as thefirst in the series of modern antibiotics. Tyrothricin is a whiteto slightly gray or brown-white powder, with little or no odoror taste. It is practically insoluble in water and is soluble in alcoholand dilute acids. Suspensions for clinical use can beprepared by adding an alcoholic solution to calculatedamounts of distilled water or isotonic saline solutions.
Gramicidin acts as an ionophore in bacterial cell membranesto cause the loss of potassium ion from the cell. Itis bactericidal.Tyrothricin and gramicidin are effective primarilyagainst Gram-positive organisms. Their use is restricted tolocal applications. Tyrothricin can cause lysis of erythrocytes,which makes it unsuitable for the treatment of systemicinfections. Its applications should avoid direct contactwith the bloodstream through open wounds or abrasions. Itis ordinarily safe to use tyrothricin in troches for throat infections,as it is not absorbed from the GI tract. Gramicidinis available in various topical preparations containing otherantibiotics, such as bacitracin and neomycin.
Pharmaceutical Applications
Gramicidin as used in topical formulations is a mixture of
several closely related compounds, of which about 80% is in
the form of gramicidin A. It is part of the tyrothricin complex
originally isolated from B. brevis.
It is active against most species of Gram-positive bacteria,
including mycobacteria. Gram-negative bacilli are completely
insensitive.
It is highly toxic to erythrocytes, liver and kidney, and is
used only in topical formulations, usually as one of several
components.
GRAMICIDIN Preparation Products And Raw materials
| Supplier | Tel | Country | ProdList | Advantage | Inquiry |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Century Pharmaceuticals Ltd | +91-2652361581 +91-2652361581 | Gujarat, India | 53 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Pharmaffiliates Analytics and Synthetics P. Ltd | +91-172-5066494 | Haryana, India | 6773 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Global Chem Asia Pacific | 91-9849161572 | Hyderabad, India | 255 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Pharma Affiliates | 172-5066494 | Haryana, India | 6761 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Clearsynth Labs | 91-22-45045900 | Maharashtra, India | 3889 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Metro Exporters Pvt. Ltd. | 91-22-24916500 | Maharashtra, India | 204 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Atharva Trading & Co. | 91--9545542221 | Maharashtra, India | 22 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Newedge Overseas | 91-79-40307106 | Gujarat, India | 109 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Archerchem Healthcare Pvt., Ltd. (part of Archerchem Group) | 91-22-42361111 | Maharashtra, India | 147 | 58 | Inquiry |
| Fuxin Pharmaceutical | +86-021-021-50872116 +8613122107989 | China | 10297 | 58 | Inquiry |
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