클로르단 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Chlordane is a viscous, amber-coloured liquid. Technical-grade chlordane is a mixture
of many structurally related compounds including trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane,
chlordene, heptachlor, and trans-nonachlor. Chlordane was used as a broad-spectrum pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. The uses included termite control in homes
and pest control on agricultural crops such as maize and citrus, on home lawns, gardens,
turf, and ornamental plants. Chlordane is a persistent organochlorine insecticide. It kills
insects when ingested and on contact. Formulations include dusts, emulsifiable concentrates,
granules, oil solutions, and wettable powder.
화학적 성질
Chlordane is a viscous, amber-colored liquid. Technical grade chlordane is a mixture of
many structurally related compounds including trans-chlordane, cis-chlordane, -chlordene, heptachlor, and trans-nonachlor. 14,15 Chlordane was used as a broad-spectrum
pesticide in the United States from 1948 to 1988. Its uses included termite control in homes;
pest control on agricultural crops such as maize and citrus, on home lawns, gardens,
turf, and ornamental plants. Chlordane is a persistent organochlorine insecticide. It kills
insects when ingested and on contact. Formulations include dusts, emulsifi able concentrates, granules, oil solutions, and wettable powder.
물리적 성질
Colorless to amber to yellowish-brown, viscous liquid. Technical formulations impart an aromatic,
slight pungent odor similar to chlorine
용도
Chlordane is a persistent non-systemic contact and ingested
insecticide with some fumigant action. It is used as a wood preservative,
protective treatment for underground cables, and to reduce earthworm
populations in lawns. It is used against Formicidae, Coleoptera,
Noctuidae larva, Saltatoria, subterranean termites, and many other insect
pests. It controls household insects, pests of man and domestic animals.
위험도
A possible carcinogen. Toxic by ingestion,
inhalation, and skin absorption. Liver damage.
건강위험
Highly toxic to humans by ingestion; moderately toxic in test animals; skin absorption or inhalation of its vapors can producepoisoning effects; exhibits acute, delayed,and chronic effects; symptoms include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, irritation,confusion ataxia, tremor, and convulsions;delayed development of liver disease andblood disorder also reported (U.S. EPA1988); human death may result from ingestion of 10–20 g of pure compound or topical skin application of 50 g in 30 minutes;moderately irritating to skin; oral LD50value in rats ～300 mg/kg; exposure limit0.5 mg/kg: exposure limit 0.5 mg/m
3 (skin);RCRA Waste Number U036; US EPA listedextremely hazardous substance; LD50 data inliterature inconsistent:
LD50 oral (rat): 200–600 mg/kg
LD50 oral (rabbit): 100 mg/kg
LD50 skin (rat): 690 mg/kg.
농업용
Insecticide: Not approved for use in EU countries. Since 1988, the use and commercial production of chlordane (except for export) has been prohibited in the United States and other countries. The only commercial use still permitted is for fire ant control in power transformers. Chlordane is a broad-spectrum insecticide of the group of polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons called cyclodiene insecticides. Chlordane has been used extensively since the 1950s for termite control, as an insecticide for homes and gardens, and as a control for soil insects during the production of crops such as corn. Both the uses and the production volume of chlordane have decreased extensively since the issuance of a registration suspension notice for all food crops and home and garden uses of chlordane by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. However, significant commercial use of chlordane for termite control continues. Special groups at risk include children as a result of milk consumed; fishermen and their families because of the high consumption of fish and shellfish, especially freshwater fish; persons living downwind from treated fields; and persons living in houses treated with chlordane pesticide control agents.
상품명
A SPON-CHLORDANE®; BELT®; CD 68®; CHLORINDAN®; CHLOR KIL®; CHLORODANE®; CORODANE®; CHLORTOX®; DOWCHLOR®[C]; DOW-KLOR®[C]; GOLD CREST®[C]; KILEX LINDANE®; HCS 3260®; KYPCHLOR®; M 140®; M 410®; NIRAN®; OCTACHLOR®; OKTATERR®; OMS 1437®; ORTHO-KLOR®[C]; SD 5532®; SHELL SD-5532®[C]; SYNKLOR®; TAT®; TAT CHLOR® 4; TERMEX®; TOPICHLOR® 20; TOPICLOR®; TOXICHLOR®; VELSICOL® 1068[C]
잠재적 노출
Chlordane is a broad spectrum insecticide of the group of polycyclic chlorinated hydrocarbons
called cyclodiene insecticides. Chlordane has been used
extensively since the 1950s for termite control; as an insecticide for homes and gardens; and as a control for soil
insects during the production of crops, such as corn. Both
the uses and the production volume of chlordane have
decreased extensively since the issuance of a registration
suspension notice for all food crops and home and garden
uses of chlordane by the United States Environmental
Protection Agency. However, significant commercial use of
chlordane for termite control continues. Special groups
at risk include children as a result of milk consumed;
fishermen and their families because of the high consumption of fish and shellfish, especially freshwater fish;
persons living downwind from treated fields; and persons
living in houses treated with chlordane pesticide control
agents.
Carcinogenicity
IARC has concluded that there is inadequate
evidence for carcinogenicity of chlordane to humans and sufficient evidence for its carcinogenicity
to animals.
Chlordane was not mutagenic to bacteria.
신진 대사 경로
Chlordane undergoes a variety of metabolic processes including oxidation,
reductive dechlorination, hydrolysis and epoxidation. These
reactions afford products involving alteration of the cyclopentane
ring; the norbornyl moiety generally remains unaffected except in photochemical
reactions when bridged compounds may be formed or
dechlorination may occur. Hydroxylation at position 3 is effected by
microsomal mixed function oxidases to form 3-hydroxychlordane
(12). Dehydration of this compound gives 1,2-dichlorochlordene (13),
a key metabolic intermediate in the formation of oxychlordane and
other metabolites. A second metabolic pathway involves dehydrochlorination
to form heptachlor (2). Dechlorination affords 1-chlorodihydrochlordene
(7). Hydrolysis gives 1-chloro-2-hydroxychlordene
chlorohydrin (6) which may be metabolised to monochlorodihydroxy
and trihydroxy derivatives of dihydrochlordene (Nomeir and Hajjar,
1987).
운송 방법
UN2996 Organochlorine pesticides, liquid, toxic,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
비 호환성
Contact with strong oxidizers may cause
fire and explosions. High heat and contact with alkaline
solutions cause decomposition with the production of toxic
fumes including chlorine, phosgene, hydrogen chloride.
Attacks iron, zinc, plastics, rubber, and coatings.
폐기물 처리
Chlordane is dehydrochlorinated in alkali to form “nontoxic” products, a reaction catalyzed by traces of iron, but the reaction is slow. The
environmental hazards of the products are uncertain.
Chlordane is completely dechlorinated by sodium in isopropyl alcohol. The UN Recommends incineration methods for
disposal of chlordane. In accordance with 40CFR165,
follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and
pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or
federal environmental control agency, or by contacting
your regional EPA office.
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