페니트로티온 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
화학적 성질
Pure fenitrothion is a yellowish brown liquid with an unpleasant odor. It is insoluble in water, but readily soluble in common organic solvents, such as acetone, alcohol, benzene, chlorinated hydrocarbons, dichloromethane, 2-propanol, toluene, in ethers, methanol, and xylene. It decomposes explosively. Fenitrothion is a contact insecticide and a selective acaricide of low ovicidal properties. Fenitrothion is effective against a wide range of pests, namely, penetrating, chewing, and sucking insect pests (coffee leaf-miners, locusts, rice stem borers, wheat bugs, fl our beetles, grain beetles, grain weevils) on cereals, cotton, orchard fruits, rice, vegetables, and forests. It may also be used as a fl y, mosquito, and cockroach residual contact spray for farms and public health programs. Fenitrothion is also effective against household insects and all nuisance insects. WHO confi rmed its effectiveness as a vector control agent for malaria. It is extensively used in other countries, including Japan, where parathion has been banned. Occupational workers are exposed to fenitrothion during mixing, loading/transportation, and fi eld applications.
용도
Fenitrothion is used to control sucking, chewing and boring
insects in cereals, soft fruit, tropical fruit, vines, sugar cane, vegetables,
turf and forestry. It is also used as a public health insecticide for the
control of flies, cockroaches and mosquitoes. Other uses are for the control
of stored product pests and locusts.
정의
ChEBI: An organic thiophosphate that is O,O-dimethyl O-phenyl phosphorothioate substituted by a methyl group at position 3 and a nitro group at position 4.
일반 설명
Brownish-yellow oil. Used as a selective acaricide and a contact and stomach insecticide against chewing and sucking insects on rice, orchard fruits, vegetables, cereals, cotton and forest. Also used against flies, mosquitoes, and cockroaches.
반응 프로필
Organophosphates, such as Fenitrothion, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
위험도
Cholinesterase inhibitor, use may be
restricted.
건강위험
Fenitrothion is an organophosphate insecticide. It is a highly toxic cholinesterase inhibitor, that acts on the nervous system. Does not cause delayed neurotoxicity and contact produces little irritation.
화재위험
When heated to decomposition, Fenitrothion emits very toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Decomposition at 212-284F produces a mixture of organophosphorus polymers. Unstable in alkaline media. Stable for 2 years if stored at 68-77F. Do not store above 104F.
상품명
ACCOTHION®; ACEOTHION®; AGRIA
1050®; AGRIYA 1050®; AGROTHION®; AMERICAN
CYANAMID CL-47,300®; ARBOGAL®; BAY 41831®;
BAYER 41831®; BAYER S 5660®; CEKUTROTHION®;
CL 47300®; CP47114®; CYFEN®; CYTEL®;
CYTEN®; DICATHION®; DICOFEN®; DYBAR®;
EI 47300®; FALITHION®; FENITEX®; FENITOX®;
FENSTAN®; FOLETHION®; FOLITHION®; H-35-F
87 (BVM)®; 8057HC®; KALEIT®; KEEN SUPERKILL
ANT AND ROACH EXTERMINATOR®; KILLGERM
TETRACIDE INSECTICIDAL SPRAY®; KOTION®;
MEP (PESTICIDE)®; METATHION®; METATHIONE®;
METATION®; MICROMITE®; MONSANTO CP
47114®; NITROPHOS®; NOVATHION®; NUVAND®;
NUVANOL®; OLEOSUMIFENE®; OMS 43®;
OVADOFOS®; PENNWALT C-4852; PESTROY®; S
112A®; S 5660®; SMT®; SUMITHION®[C]; TURBAIR
GRAIN STORAGE INSECTICIDE®; VERTHION®
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion,
inhalation, intravenous, and intraperitoneal
routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact,
intratracheal, and subcutaneous routes.
Human systemic effects: coma, diarrhea,
dyspnea, gastrointestinal changes,
hypermodtty, nausea or vomiting,
respiratory depression. Mutation data
reported. When heated to decomposition it
emits very toxic fumes of NOx, POx, and
sox
잠재적 노출
A potential danger to those involved
in the manufacture, formulation, and application of this
insecticide. It is a selective acaricide; and a contact and
stomach insecticide. Used to control chewing and sucking
insects on rice, orchard fruit; vegetables, cereals, cotton,
and in forests. Also protects against flies, mosquitoes, and
cockroaches
신진 대사 경로
Fenitrothion is a non-systemic insecticide, the biotransformations and
environmental fate of which have been intensively studied and reviewed.
Metabolism has been studied in mammals (including humans), birds,
fish, crustacea, molluscs, insects, algae, plants and soil. The major routes
of biotransformation involve desulfuration to the oxon analogue
(fenitrooxon) and hydrolysis to give dimethyl phosphate, O,O-dimethyl
phosphorothioate and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol. Demethylation to give
desmethylfenitrothion and its decomposition products, reduction of
the nitro group and oxidation of the ring methyl group also
occur. Demethylation via glutathione-S-methyl transferases in the liver
is a particularly important mechanism in mammals. Reduction of
the nitro group to an amino group is important in anaerobic soils
and ruminants but this has also been shown to occur in rats, rabbits
and humans where it is presumably carried out by bacteria in the gut.
Oxidation of the 3-methyl group to hydroxymethyl and carboxylate
has been shown to be a degradative route in birds. The major routes of
phase II metabolism involve conjugation of 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol to the
glucoside in plants and insects, to the sulfate ester in birds and the sulfate
ester and glucuronide in mammals.
신진 대사
The main biotransformation routes involve oxidative
desulfuration to the oxon and dearylation to give
dimethyl hydrogen phosphate, O,O-dimethyl hydrogen
phosphorothioate and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol. Demethylation
dependent on glutathion-S-alkyl transferase is particularly
important in mammals.Oxidation of the 3-methyl
group to hydroxymethyl and then carboxyl group is also
a degradative route. Reduction of the nitro group to an
amino group occurs in anaerobic soils and ruminants. The
DT
50 in soils under upland and submerged conditions were
12–28 and 4–20 d, respectively.
운송 방법
UN3017 Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid,
toxic, flammable, flash point not ,23C, Hazard class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, 3-Flammable liquid.
UN2810 Toxic liquids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1;
Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required
비 호환성
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Strong oxidizers may cause
release of toxic phosphorus oxides. Organophosphates, in the
presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides, may
form highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas. Keep away
from alkaline materials
폐기물 처리
Incineration (for large
amounts); alkaline hydrolysis and landfill (for small
amounts). In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label
directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental
control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
페니트로티온 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
