이황화탄소

이황화탄소
이황화탄소 구조식 이미지
카스 번호:
75-15-0
한글명:
이황화탄소
동의어(한글):
이황화탄소;디티오탄소무수물;설포탄소무수물;이유화탄소CARBONBISULFIDE;탄소황화합물;탄소디황화합물;탄소비황화합물;탄소이황화합물;셀룰로오스나트륨글리콜산염;나트륨카르복시메틸셀룰로오스;카르복시메틸셀루로오스나트륨;카르복;카본다이설파이드;이황화 탄소
상품명:
Carbon disulfide
동의어(영문):
CS2;CARBON DISULPHIDE;CARBON DISULFID;Carbon sulfide;Carbon sulfide (CS2);CARBON DISULFIDE 100MG NEAT;CLSTN2;Weeviltox;NCI-C04591;99.9% (GC)
CBNumber:
CB6279761
분자식:
CS2
포뮬러 무게:
76.14
MOL 파일:
75-15-0.mol
MSDS 파일:
SDS

이황화탄소 속성

녹는점
-112--111 °C (lit.)
끓는 점
46 °C (lit.)
밀도
1.266 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
증기 밀도
2.67 (vs air)
증기압
5.83 psi ( 20 °C)
굴절률
n20/D 1.627(lit.)
인화점
−29 °F
저장 조건
2-8°C
용해도
알코올, 에테르, 벤젠, 오일, 클로로포름 및 사염화탄소에 용해됩니다.
물리적 상태
액체
Specific Gravity
1.26
색상
≤10(APHA)
냄새
0.016~0.42ppm(평균 = 0.2ppm)에서 양배추 냄새가 감지됩니다.
상대극성
0.065
폭발한계
1-60%(V)
Odor Threshold
0.21ppm
수용성
2.9g/L(20℃)
어는점
-110.3℃
최대 파장(λmax)
λ: 386 nm Amax: ≤1.0
λ: 388 nm Amax: 0.50
λ: 394 nm Amax: 0.25
λ: 403 nm Amax: 0.10
λ: 410 nm Amax: 0.05
λ: 500-750 nm Amax: 0.01
Merck
14,1811
BRN
1098293
Henry's Law Constant
24.25 (atm?m3/mol) at 24 °C (Elliott, 1989)
노출 한도
NIOSH REL: TWA 1 ppm, STEL 10 ppm, IDLH 500 ppm; OSHA PEL: TWA 20 ppm, C 30 ppm; ACGIH TLV: TWA 10 ppm.
Dielectric constant
2.6(Ambient)
안정성
Stable. Extremely flammable. Highly volatile. Note low flash point and very wide explosion limits. Protect from heat, friction, shock, sunlight. Reacts violently with fluorine, azide solutions, zinc dust, liquid chlorine in the presence of iron. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, azides, aluminium, zinc, most common met
InChIKey
QGJOPFRUJISHPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
CAS 데이터베이스
75-15-0(CAS DataBase Reference)
NIST
Carbon disulfide(75-15-0)
EPA
Carbon disulfide (75-15-0)
안전
  • 위험 및 안전 성명
  • 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 F,T
위험 카페고리 넘버 11-36/38-48/23-62-63-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-48/20-40-36/37/38-19
안전지침서 16-33-36/37-45-7-26
유엔번호(UN No.) UN 1131 3/PG 1
OEB B
OEL TWA: 1 ppm (3 mg/m3), STEL: 10 ppm (30 mg/m3) [skin]
WGK 독일 2
RTECS 번호 FF6650000
자연 발화 온도 90 °C
TSCA Yes
HS 번호 2813 10 00
위험 등급 3
포장분류 I
유해 물질 데이터 75-15-0(Hazardous Substances Data)
독성 LC50 inhal (rat) 25,000 mg/m3 (2 h)
STEL (OSHA) 12 ppm (36 mg/m3)-skin
PEL (OSHA) 4 ppm (12 mg/m3)
TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 10 ppm (31 mg/m3)-skin
IDLA 500 ppm
기존화학 물질 KE-04755
유해화학물질 필터링 97-1-239
중점관리물질 필터링 별표1-17
사고대비 물질 필터링 10
함량 및 규제정보 물질구분: 사고대비물질; 혼합물(제품)함량정보: 이황화 탄소 및 이를 0.1% 이상 함유한 혼합물
그림문자(GHS): GHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictogramsGHS hazard pictograms
신호 어: Danger
유해·위험 문구:
암호 유해·위험 문구 위험 등급 범주 신호 어 그림 문자 P- 코드
H225 고인화성 액체 및 증기 인화성 액체 구분 2 위험 GHS hazard pictograms P210,P233, P240, P241, P242, P243,P280, P303+ P361+P353, P370+P378,P403+P235, P501
H315 피부에 자극을 일으킴 피부부식성 또는 자극성물질 구분 2 경고 GHS hazard pictograms P264, P280, P302+P352, P321,P332+P313, P362
H319 눈에 심한 자극을 일으킴 심한 눈 손상 또는 자극성 물질 구분 2A 경고 GHS hazard pictograms P264, P280, P305+P351+P338,P337+P313P
H332 흡입하면 유해함 급성 독성 물질 흡입 구분 4 경고 GHS hazard pictograms P261, P271, P304+P340, P312
H372 장기간 또는 반복 노출되면 장기(또는, 영향을 받은 알려진 모든 장기를 명시)에 손상을 일으킴 특정 표적장기 독성 - 반복 노출 구분 1 위험 GHS hazard pictograms P260, P264, P270, P314, P501
예방조치문구:
P201 사용 전 취급 설명서를 확보하시오.
P210 열·스파크·화염·고열로부터 멀리하시오 - 금연 하시오.
P303+P361+P353 피부(또는 머리카락)에 묻으면 오염된 모든 의복은 벗거나 제거하시오 피부를 물로 씻으시오/샤워하시오.
P305+P351+P338 눈에 묻으면 몇 분간 물로 조심해서 씻으시오. 가능하면 콘택트렌즈를 제거하시오. 계속 씻으시오.
P308+P313 노출 또는 접촉이 우려되면 의학적인 조치· 조언를 구하시오.
NFPA 704
4
3 0

이황화탄소 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

For many years, carbon disulfide was manufactured by the reaction of charcoal with sulfur vapor at temperatures of 750– 1000 C, but by the mid-twentieth century, especially in the United States, the process was superseded by the reaction of natural gas (principally methane) with sulfur.

화학적 성질

Carbon disulfide (carbon bisulfide; CS2; CASRN 75-15-0), in its pure form is a colorless liquid that evaporates readily at room temperature, with a sweet aromatic odor similar to that of chloroform. In its impure commercial and reagent form, however, carbon disulfide is a yellowish liquid with a foulsmelling odor. It can be detected by odor at about 1 ppm but the sense of smell fatigues rapidly and, therefore, odor does not serve as a good warning property. It has a vapor pressure of 297mmHg and solubility in water by weight of 0.3% at 20 °C (68 °F). Once carbon disulfide is in the air it will break down into simpler substances within a few days after release (OEHHA, 2001).
Carbon disulfide structure

물리적 성질

Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid; ethereal odor when pure. Technical grades have strong, foul, rotten, radish-like odor. Leonardos et al. (1969) reported an odor threshold in air of 210 ppbv.

용도

Carbon disulfide is used as a raw material in the production of such things as rayon, cellophane, semiconductors, and carbon tetrachloride, and to make some pesticides. It is used as an industrial solvent and chemical intermediate to dissolve rubber to produce tires (ATSDR, 1996), as well as in grain fumigation, analytical chemistry research, degreasing, dry cleaning, and oil extraction (Finkel et al., 1983). Natural sources of carbon disulfide include the open ocean, coastal areas of high biological activity, microbial reduction of sulfates in soil, marshlands, and some higher plants where the source of carbon disulfide is the tree roots (Carroll, 1985; Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984).
Previously, carbon disulfide was used as a pesticide, where it was typically mixed with carbon tetrachloride in a 20/80 mixture, respectively. This mixture was used to exterminate insects and rodents from entire boxcars of wheat, corn, rye, and other grains (Peters et al., 1988). Grain fumigators can be acutely intoxicated and may be chronically exposed to carbon disulfide. Therefore, in the late 1980s, all pesticides containing carbon disulfide as an active ingredient were cancelled by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) (U.S. EPA, 1999).

제조 방법

Carbon disulfide is manufactured by heating sulfur vapor with charcoal, and condensing vapors of the compound formed. Alternatively, it may be obtained by heating sulfur with natural gas or petroleum fractions. Instead of sulfur, H2S may be used. The reaction occurs at very high temperatures. The product obtained in these reactions may contain sulfur impurities. Carbon disulfide is purified by distillation.

일반 설명

Pure carbon disulphide is a colourless liquid with a pleasant odour similar to that of chloroform, while the impure carbon disulphide is a yellowish liquid with an unpleasant odour, like that of rotting radishes. Exposure to carbon disulphide occurs in industrial workplaces. Industries associated with coal gasification plants release more of carbon disulphide, carbonyl sulphide, and hydrogen sulphide. Carbon disulphide is used in large quantities as an industrial chemical for the production of viscose rayon fibres. In fact, the major source of environmental pollution both indoor and outdoor by carbon disulphide is caused by emission released into the air from viscose plants.

공기와 물의 반응

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

반응 프로필

Carbon disulphide has an extremely low autoignition temperature (125°C). May ignite or even explode when heated. The vapor or liquid has been known to ignite on contact with steam pipes, particularly if rusted [Anon., J. Roy. Inst. Chem., 1956, 80, p.664]. Explosion hazard when exposed to flame, heat, sparks or friction. Mixtures with lithium, sodium, potassium or dinitrogen tetraoxide may detonate when shocked. Potentially explosive reaction with nitrogen oxide, chlorine, permanganic acid(strong oxidizing agents). Vapor ignites in contact with aluminum powder or fluorine. Reacts violently with azides, ethylamine ethylenediamine, ethylene imine. Emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur when heated to decomposition [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 663]. Sodium amide forms toxic and flammable H2S gas with CS2. (714)

위험도

A poison. Toxic by skin absorption. Highly flammable, dangerous fire and explosion risk, can be ignited by friction. Explosive limits in air 1–50%. Questionable carcinogen. Peripheral ner- vous system impairment.

화재위험

Ignition temperature dangerously low: 212F. Vapors may be ignited by contact with ordinary light bulb, when heated to decomposition, Carbon disulphide emits highly toxic fumes of oxides of sulfur. When heated to decomposition, emits highly toxic fumes of sulfur oxides and can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Avoid air, rust, halogens, metal azides, metals, oxidants; when exposed to heat or flame reacts violently with aluminum, chlorine, azides, hypochlorite, ethylamine diamine, ethylene imine, fluorine, metallic azides of lithium, potassium, cesium, rubidium and sodium, nitrogen oxides, potassium, zinc and (sulfuric acid plus permanganate). Decomposes on standing for a long time.

인화성 및 폭발성

Carbon disulfide is extremely flammable and is a dangerous fire hazard (NFPA rating = 3). It is has a high vapor pressure and extremely low autoignition temperature. Its vapor is heavier than air and can travel a considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back. The vapor forms explosive mixtures in air at concentrations of 1.3 to 50%. Carbon disulfide can be ignited by hot surfaces such as steam baths that would ordinarily not constitute an ignition source for other flammable vapors. Rust (iron oxide) may increase the likelihood of ignition by hot surfaces. Carbon disulfide fires should be extinguished with CO2 or dry chemical extinguishers.

잠재적 노출

Carbon disulfide is used in the manufacture of viscose rayon; ammonium salts; carbon tetrachloride; carbanilide, xantho genates; flotation agents; soil disinfectants; dyes; electronic vacuum tubes; optical glass; paints, enamels, paint removers; varnishes; varnish removers; tallow, textiles, explosives; rocket fuel; putty; preservatives, and rubber cement; as a solvent for phosphorus, sulfur, selenium, bromine, iodine; alkali cellulose; fats, waxes, lacquers, camphor, resins, and cold vulcanized rubber. It is also used in degreasing; chemical analysis; electroplating; grain fumigation; oil extraction; and drycleaning. It is widely used as a pesticide intermediate.

환경귀착

Chemical/Physical. Carbon disulfide hydrolyzes in alkaline solutions to carbon dioxide and hydrogen disulfide (Peyton et al., 1976).
In an aqueous alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide, dithiopercarbonate, sulfide, elemental sulfur and polysulfides may be expected to form (Elliott, 1990). In an aqueous alkaline solution (pH ≥8), carbon disulfide reacted with hydrogen peroxide forming sulfate and carbonate ions. However, when the pH is lowered to 7–7.4, colloidal sulfur is formed (Adewuyi and Carmichael, 1987).
An aqueous solution containing carbon disulfide reacts with sodium hypochlorite forming carbon dioxide, sulfuric acid and sodium chloride (Patnaik, 1992). Forms a hemihydrate which decomposes at –3°C (Keith and Walters, 1992).Agricultural fumigant Burns with a blue flame releasing carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide (Windholz et al., 1983). Emits very toxic sulfur oxides when heated to decomposition (Lewis, 1990). Carbon disulfide oxidizes in the troposphere producing carbonyl sulfide. The atmospheric half-lives for carbon disulfide and carbonyl sulfide were estimated to be approximately 2 years and 13 days, respectively (Khalil and Rasmussen, 1984).

저장

carbon disulfide should be used only in areas free of ignition sources (including hot plates, incandescent light bulbs, and steam baths), and this substance should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers.

운송 방법

UN1131 Carbon disulfide, Hazard Class: 3; Labels: 3-Flammable liquid, 6.1-Poisonous materials.

Purification Methods

Shake it for 3hours with three portions of KMnO4 solution (5g/L), twice for 6hours with mercury (to remove sulfide impurities) until no further darkening of the interface occurs, and finally with a solution of HgSO4 (2.5g/L) or cold, saturated HgCl2. Dry it with CaCl2, MgSO4, or CaH2 (with further drying by refluxing over P2O5), followed by fractional distillation in diffuse light. Alkali metals cannot be used as drying agents. It has also been purified by standing with bromine (0.5mL/L) for 3-4hours, shaking rapidly with KOH solution, then copper turnings (to remove unreacted bromine), and drying with CaCl2. CS2 is highly TOXIC and highly FLAMMABLE. Work in a good fumehood. Small quantities of CS2 have been purified (including removal of hydrocarbons) by mechanical agitation of a 45-50g sample with a solution of 130g of sodium sulfide in 150mL of H2O for 24hours at 35-40o. The aqueous sodium thiocarbonate solution is separated from unreacted CS2, then precipitated with 140g of copper sulfate in 350g of water, with cooling. After filtering off the copper thiocarbonate, it is decomposed by passing steam into it. The distillate is separated from H2O and distilled from P2O5. [Ruff & Golla Z Anorg Chem 138 17 1924, Beilstein 3 IV 395.]

비 호환성

Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Also incompatible with chemically active metals (such as sodium, potassium, zinc), azides, organic amines, halogens. May explosively decompose on shock, friction, or concussion. May explode on heating. The substance may spontaneously ignite on contact with air and on contact with hot surfaces, producing toxic fumes of sulfur dioxide. Reacts violently with oxidants to produce oxides of sulfur and carbon monoxide, and causing fire and explosion hazard. Attacks some forms of plastic, rubber, and coating.

폐기물 처리

This compound is a very flammable liquid which evaporates rapidly. It burns with a Blue flame to carbon dioxide (harmless) and sulfur dioxide. Sulfur dioxide has a strong suffocating odor; 1000 ppm in air is lethal to rats. The pure liquid presents an acute fire and explosion hazard. The following disposal procedure is suggested: All equipment or contact surfaces should be grounded to avoid ignition by static charges. Absorb on vermiculite, sand, or ashes and cover with water. Transfer underwater in buckets to an open area. Ignite from a distance with an excelsior trail. If quantity is large, Carbon disulfide may be recovered by distillation and repackaged for use.

주의 사항

During handling of carbon disulfi de, occupational workers require proper clothing, eye protection, and respiratory protection. Workers should use the chemical under trained management. On contact with the eyes, immediately fl ush with large amounts of water. On skin contact, the worker should quickly remove contaminated clothing and immediately call for medical attention

이황화탄소 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품


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