포름산메틸

포름산메틸 속성

포름산메틸 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

개요

Methyl Formate, also known as methyl methanoate, is the methyl ester of formic acid. The simplest example of an ester, it is a clear liquid with an ethereal odour, high vapor pressure, and low surface tension. It is an aromatic compound found in apples (Neubeller and Buchloh, 1986), and was identified as a volatile constituent in brewed, roasted, and dried coffee (Lovell et al., 1980); Methyl formate is used primarily to manufacture formamide, dimethylformamide, and formic acid. It is also used as a solvent for quick-drying finishes such as lacquers and in organic synthesis.

화학적 성질

Methyl formate is a colorless liquid with a pleasant odor. Its solubility in water is 230 g/l at 25 °C (Riddick et al., 1985), but it reacts slowly with water to form formic acid and methyl alcohol (DOT, 1984). It is soluble in ether, chloroform, and is miscible with ethanol (Lide, 2000).

물리적 성질

Clear, colorless, mobile liquid with a pleasant, etheral odor. An odor threshold concentration of 130 ppm_v was reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).

용도

Methyl formate is used as a fumigant, as alarvicide for food crops, and as a solvent forcellulose acetate.

생산 방법

In the laboratory, methyl formate can be produced by the condensation reaction of methanol and formic acid, as follows:
HCOOH + CH₃OH → HCOOCH₃ + H₂O
Industrial methyl formate, however, is usually produced by the combination of methanol and carbon monoxide (carbonylation) in the presence of a strong base, such as sodium methoxide :
CH₃OH + CO → HCOOCH₃
This process, practiced commercially by BASF among other companies gives 96 % selectivity toward methyl formate, although it can suffer from catalyst sensitivity to water, which can be present in the carbon monoxide feedstock, commonly derived from synthesis gas. Very dry carbon monoxide is, therefore, an essential requirement.

정의

ChEBI: Methyl formate is a formate ester resulting from the formal condensation of formic acid with methanol. A low-boiling (31.5 ℃) colourless, flammable liquid, it has been used as a fumigant and larvicide for tobacco and food crops. It has a role as a polar aprotic solvent, a fumigant, an insecticide and a refrigerant. It is a formate ester, a methyl ester and a volatile organic compound. It is functionally related to a methanol.

일반 설명

A clear colorless liquid with an agreeable odor. Flash point -27°F. Less dense than water Vapors heavier than air.

공기와 물의 반응

Highly flammable. Water soluble. Reacts slowly with water to give formic acid, a corrosive material, and methanol, a flammable liquid. Both products are dissolved in the water.

반응 프로필

Methyl formate reacts with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.

위험도

Flammable, dangerous fire and explosionrisk, explosive limits in air 5.9–20%. Eye, upperand lower respiratory tract irritant.

건강위험

Methyl formate is a moderately toxic com pound affecting eyes, respiratory tract, andcentral nervous system. It is an irritant tothe eyes, nose, and lungs. Exposure to highconcentrations of its vapors in air may pro duce visual disturbances, irritations, narcoticeffects, and respiratory distress in humans.Such effects may be manifested at a 1-hourexposure to about 10,000-ppm concentration.Cats died of pulmonary edema from 2-hourexposure to this concentration
The acute oral toxicity of methyl formatewas low in test subjects. The symptoms werenarcosis, visual disturbances, and dyspnea.An oral LD50 value in rabbit is in the range1600 mg/kg..

화재위험

Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by ingestion. Inhalation of vapor can cause irritation to nasal passages and conjunctiva, optic neuritis, narcosis, retching, and death from pulmonary irritation. Industrial fatalities have occurred only with exposure to high concentrations. Flammable liquid. Very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat or flame. Reacts with methanol + sodium methoxide to form an explosive product. To fight fire, use alcohol foam, CO2, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.

잠재적 노출

Methyl formate is used as a solvent; as an intermediate in pharmaceutical manufacture; and as a fumigant

환경귀착

Photolytic. Methyl formate, formed from the irradiation of dimethyl ether in the presence of chlorine, degraded to carbon dioxide, water, and small amounts of formic acid. Continued irradiation degraded formic acid to carbon dioxide, water, and hydrogen chloride (Kallos and Tou, 1977; Good et al., 1999).
A rate constant of 2.27 x 10^-12 cm³/moleculesec was reported for the reaction of methyl formate and OH radicals in the atmosphere (Atkinson, 1989).
Chemical/Physical. Hydrolyzes slowly in water forming methanol and formic acid (NIOSH, 1997). Hydrolysis half-lives reported at 25 °C: 0.91 h at pH 9, 9.1 h at pH 8, 2.19 d at pH 7, and 21.9 d at pH 6 (Mabey and Mill, 1978).

Purification Methods

Wash the formate with strong aqueous Na2CO3, dry it with solid Na2CO3 and distil it from P2O5. (Procedure removes free alcohol or acid.) [Beilstein 2 IV 20.]

비 호환성

May form explosive mixture with air. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides. Reacts slowly with water to form methanol and formic acid. Contact with water, steam releases formic acid. Compounds of the carboxyl group react with all bases, both inorganic and organic (i.e., amines) releasing substantial heat, water and a salt that may be harmful. Incompatible with arsenic compounds (releases hydrogen cyanide gas), diazo compounds, dithiocarbamates isocyanates, mercaptans, nitrides, and sulfides (releasing heat, toxic, and possibly flammable gases), thiosulfates and dithionites (releasing hydrogen sulfate and oxides of sulfur)

폐기물 처리

Incineration; atomizing in a suitable combustion chamber.

참고 문헌

Lee, Jae S., J. C. Kim, and Y. G. Kim. "Methyl formate as a new building block in C1 chemistry." Applied Catalysis 57.1 (1990): 1-30.
Handa, Yash Paul, et al. "Insulating Thermoplastic Foams Made With Methyl Formate-Based Blowing Agents." (2006).

포름산메틸 준비 용품 및 원자재

원자재

준비 용품

포름산메틸 공급 업체

공급자	전화	이메일	국가	제품 수	이점
Zibo Bowei Biotechnology Co., Ltd.	130-53332153 13053332153	13573387648@163.com	China	76	58
Shanghai Wohua Chemical Co., Ltd.	021-57681602-802 17302146015	2851602437@qq.com	China	300	58
SuZhou HaoHan chemical co.,LTD	0512-65911226 15051521170	261305079@qq.com	China	10	58
Liaocheng Runheng Chemical Trade Co., Ltd	17862588818	1457995158@QQ.com	China	112	58
Zhejiang Realsun Chemical Industry Co., Ltd	0576-88312588-8674	marketing@realsunchem.com	China	217	58
Shandong Lirbang New Material Co., Ltd.	15253390963 15853386234	1269994174@qq.com	China	33	58
Meryer (Shanghai) Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.	4006356688 18621169109	market03@meryer.com	China	40202	62
Alfa Aesar	400-6106006	saleschina@alfa-asia.com	China	30103	84
TCI (Shanghai) Development Co., Ltd.	021-67121386	Sales-CN@TCIchemicals.com	China	24512	81
ShangHai DEMO Chemical Co.,Ltd	400-021-7337 2355568890	sales@demochem.com	China	2569	57

포름산메틸 관련 검색: