케토코나졸
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케토코나졸 속성
- 녹는점
- 148-152 °C
- 끓는 점
- 753.4±60.0 °C(Predicted)
- 밀도
- 1.4046 (rough estimate)
- 굴절률
- -10.5 ° (C=0.4, CHCl3)
- 인화점
- 9℃
- 저장 조건
- 2-8°C
- 용해도
- 메탄올: 용해성50mg/mL
- 산도 계수 (pKa)
- pKa 3.25/6.22(H2O,t =25,I=0.025) (Uncertain)
- 물리적 상태
- 회백색 고체
- 색상
- 흰색에서 밝은 노란색
- optical activity
- [α]20/D -1 to 1°, c = 4 in methanol
- 수용성
- DMSO, 에탄올, 클로로포름, 물 및 메탄올에 용해됩니다.
- Merck
- 14,5302
- BCS Class
- 2
- 안정성
- 제공된 대로 구매일로부터 2년 동안 안정적입니다. DMSO 또는 에탄올 용액은 -20°C에서 최대 3개월 동안 보관할 수 있습니다.
- InChIKey
- XMAYWYJOQHXEEK-OZXSUGGESA-N
- LogP
- 4.350
- CAS 데이터베이스
- 65277-42-1(CAS DataBase Reference)
안전
- 위험 및 안전 성명
- 위험 및 사전주의 사항 (GHS)
위험품 표기 | T,N,F | ||
---|---|---|---|
위험 카페고리 넘버 | 25-36/37/38-23/24/25-50/53-48/22-60-39/23/24/25-11 | ||
안전지침서 | 36-45-36/37/39-26-61-60-53-36/37-16-7 | ||
유엔번호(UN No.) | UN 2811 6.1/PG 3 | ||
WGK 독일 | 3 | ||
RTECS 번호 | TK7912300 | ||
위험 등급 | 6.1(b) | ||
포장분류 | III | ||
HS 번호 | 29349990 | ||
유해 물질 데이터 | 65277-42-1(Hazardous Substances Data) | ||
독성 | LD50 in mice, rats, guinea pigs, dogs (mg/kg): 44, 86, 28, 49 i.v.; 702, 227, 202, 780 orally (Heel) | ||
기존화학 물질 | KE-00116 |
케토코나졸 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
개요
Ketoconazole (Nizoral), an orally effective broadspectrum antifungal agent, blocks hydroxylating enzyme systems by interacting with cytochrome P450 at the heme iron site to inhibit steroid and/or androgen synthesis in adrenals, gonads, liver, and kidney. The most sensitive site of action appears to be the C17-20 lyase reaction involved in the formation of sex steroids. This explains the greater suppressibility of testosterone production than with cortisol. Cholesterol side-chain cleavage and 11β/18-hydroxylase are secondary sites of inhibition.화학적 성질
White or almost white powder.용도
Ketoconazole is used to treat candidiasis, chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, oral thrush, candiduria, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, histoplasmosis, chromomycosis, and paracoccidioidomycosis. Ketoconazole is an antifungal agent.Indications
Ketoconazole (Nizoral) is approved for treating dermatophyte infections unresponsive to griseofulvin and for patients unable to tolerate that drug. It is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that in very high doses inhibits several steps in the biosynthesis of both adrenal and gonadal steroids. While the normal antifungal dose is 200 mg/day, testosterone biosynthesis in both the adrenal and testis is completely abolished by doses of 800 to 1,600 mg/day. This drug is used most commonly for large virilizing adrenal tumors that cannot be surgically removed.World Health Organization (WHO)
Ketoconazole, an imidazole antifungal agent, was introduced in 1978 for the topical and systemic treatment of a wide variety of fungal infections. Its use by mouth has been associated with hepatotoxicity, including cases of hepatitis, which have usually been reversible on discontinuation of the drug, but some fatalities have also occurred. Ketoconazole is widely marketed.Antimicrobial activity
The spectrum includes dermatophytes, some dimorphic fungi and Candida spp.원료
Resistance has been documented in patients treated for chronic mucocutaneous candidosis and AIDS patients with oropharyngeal or esophageal candidosis. Some fluconazoleresistant C. albicans and C. glabrata are cross-resistant to ketoconazole.일반 설명
Ketoconazole is an imidazole antifungal agent administered through topical or oral means. It is used for the treatment of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis, fungal infections of the gastro-intestinal tract, dermatophyte infections, systemic infections, and fungal infections in immuno-compromised patients.Pharmaceutical Applications
A synthetic dioxolane imidazole available for oral and topical use.생물학적 활성
Antifungal agent; potent inhibitor of cytochrome P450c17.Mechanism of action
Ketoconazole has little effect on Aspergillus or Cryptococcus. Ketoconazole is highly dependent on low stomach pH for absorption, and antacids or drugs that raise stomach pH will lower the bioavailability of ketoconazole. As with other azoles, it is extensively metabolized by microsomal enzymes. All the metabolites are inactive. Evidence that CYP3A4 plays a significant role in metabolism of ketoconazole is that coadministration of CYP3A4 inducers, such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, and rifampin, can cause as much as a 50% reduction in levels of ketoconazole.Pharmacokinetics
Oral absorption: VariableCmax 400 mg oral: c. 5–6 mg/L after 2 h
Plasma half-life: 6–10 h
Volume of distribution: 0.36 L/kg
Plasma protein binding: >95%
It is erratically absorbed after oral administration. Absorption is favored by an acid pH. Food delays absorption, but does not significantly reduce the peak serum concentration. Absorption is reduced if it is given with compounds that reduce gastric acid secretion. Penetration into CSF is generally poor and unreliable, although effective concentrations have been recorded with high doses in some cases of active meningitis. It is extensively metabolized by the liver, and the metabolites are excreted in the bile. Less than 1% of an oral dose is excreted unchanged in the urine.
Clinical Use
Ketoconazole remains useful in the treatment of cutaneous and mucous membrane dermatophyte and yeast infections, but it has been replaced by the newer triazoles in the treatment of most serious Candida infections and disseminated mycoses. Ketoconazole is usually effective in the treatment of thrush, but fluconazole is superior to ketoconazole for refractory thrush. Widespread dermatophyte infections on skin surfaces can be treated easily with oral ketoconazole when the use of topical antifungal agents would be impractical. Treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis with topical imidazoles is less expensive.부작용
Nausea, vomiting, and anorexia occur commonly with ketoconazole, especially when high doses are prescribed. Epigastric distress can be reduced by taking ketoconazole with food. Pruritis and/or allergic dermatitis occurs in 10% of patients. Liver enzyme elevations during therapy are not unusual and are usually reversible. Severe ketoconazole-associated hepatitis is rare.At high doses, ketoconazole causes a clinically significant reduction in testosterone synthesis and blocks the adrenal response to corticotropin. Gynecomastia, impotence, reduced sperm counts, and diminished libido can occur in men, and prolonged drug use can result in irregular menses in women. These hormonal effects have led to the use of ketoconazole as a potential adjunctive treatment for prostatic carcinoma.
신진 대사
Ketoconazole is extensively degraded by the liver, and very little active drug is excreted in either the urine or bile; the dose need not be modified for renal insufficiency. Adverse reactions to topical ketoconazole are very rare.주의 사항
Both rifampin and isoniazid lower plasma ketoconazolelevels, and concomitant administration should be avoided.Phenytoin serum levels should be monitored closelywhen ketoconazole is prescribed.Ketoconazole causes increasesin serum concentrations of warfarin, cyclosporine,and sulfonylureas. Because of its ability to increase serumcyclosporine levels, ketoconazole has been given to cyclosporine-dependent cardiac transplant recipients to reducethe dose of cyclosporine needed and as a cost-savingmeasure.케토코나졸 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
케토코나졸 공급 업체
글로벌( 1003)공급 업체
공급자 | 전화 | 이메일 | 국가 | 제품 수 | 이점 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
XI'AN TIANGUANGYUAN BIOTECH CO., LTD. | +86-029-86333380 18829239519 |
sales06@tgybio.com | China | 918 | 58 |
Baoji Guokang Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. | 0917-3909592 13892490616 |
gksales1@gk-bio.com | China | 9321 | 58 |
Wuhan Quanjinci New Material Co.,Ltd. | +8615271838296 |
kyra@quanjinci.com | China | 1534 | 58 |
LEAP CHEM CO., LTD. | +86-852-30606658 |
market18@leapchem.com | China | 24738 | 58 |
Shandong Hanjiang Chemical Co., Ltd | +86-0533-2066820 +8618369939125 |
hanson@sdhanjiang.com | China | 975 | 58 |
Wuhan Fortuna Chemical Co., Ltd | +86-027-59207850 |
info@fortunachem.com | China | 5989 | 58 |
Hebei Mojin Biotechnology Co., Ltd | +8613288715578 |
sales@hbmojin.com | China | 12450 | 58 |
Hebei Chuanghai Biotechnology Co,.LTD | +86-13131129325 |
sales1@chuanghaibio.com | China | 5823 | 58 |
Sinoway Industrial co., ltd. | 0592-5800732; +8613806035118 |
xie@china-sinoway.com | China | 990 | 58 |
Changzhou Rokechem Technology Co., Ltd. | 18758118018 |
sales001@rokechem.com | China | 255 | 58 |
케토코나졸 관련 검색:
2,4-펜탄디온 아세틸 보조 효소 A 1.4-다이옥세인 이산화셀레늄 아세틸 염화물 디페닐디클로로실란 케토코나졸
N-ACETYL-L-TYROSINE ETHYL ESTER
tert-Butyl carbamate
CARBONIC ACID ALLYL ETHYL ESTER
N-Acetylpiperazine-N'-(4-phenol) Ketoconazole
cis-2,6-Dimethylpiperazine
cis-Octahydroisoindole
cis-[2-(2,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-imidazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl-4-methylbenzenesulphonate
4-(1-Acetylpiperazin-4-yl)phenol
Ketoconazole Impurity 1
rac-trans-Ketoconazole
2,3-Dehydro Ketoconazole