수소화나트륨 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
물성
회색의 등축 결정계 결정성 분말. d 0.93, n 1.470. 생성열 12.8kcal. 고온에서는 소듐과 수소로 분리된다. 해리압 760mm/425℃. 건조 공기 중에서는 안정하고, 산소와는 230℃ 이상이 아니면 반응하지 않는다. 습한 공기에서 분해되고 물과 격렬하게 반응해서 수산화소듐과 수소를 생성한다. 벤젠, 이황화탄소, 사염화탄소, 액체 암모니아에는 용해되지 않는다. 산에 용해하여 수소를 방출하고 소듐염을 생성한다. 암모니아와 고온에서 반응하고 소듐의 아미드를 만든다.
화학 반응
할로겐과는 고온에서 반응하고, 황의 증기와도 격렬하게 반응한다. 이산화황, 이산화탄소와는 고온에서 반응한다. 환원성이 강하고 금속 산화물, 염화물에서 금속을 유리한다.
또 삼플루오르화붕소와 반응하여 보레인을 생성한다.
용도
금속 염화물의 환원제로서, 또 유기 합성에서의 환원제, 수소 첨가제, 축합제로 사용된다.
생산/준비/합성
금속 나트륨에 고온에서 직접 수소를 작용시켜도 얻을 수 있지만, 일반적으로는 표면 활성제를 첨가한 끓는점이 높은 광물유 중에 나트륨을 현탁시키고, 이것에 수소를 통하여 만든다. 생성물을 헥세인으로 씻고 질소 기류 중에 건조한 후, 질소를 봉입한 병 안에 저장한다.
개요
Sodium hydride, is a binary salt that has a specific hazard of releasing hydrogen upon contact with water. It is an odorless powder that is violently water reactive. The four-digit UN identification number is 1427. The NFPA 704 designation is health 3, flammability 3, and reactivity 2. The white space at the bottom of the diamond has a W with a slash through it, indicating water reactivity.
화학적 성질
Grey solid. Pure sodium hydride forms colorless cubic crystals; however, the commercial product contains traces of sodium metal, giving it a light gray color. At atmospheric pressure, sodium hydride slowly evolves hydrogen above 300 ℃. At 420 ℃ decomposition is rapid but melting does not take place. Sodium hydride is a salt and therefore insoluble in inert organic solvents. It dissolves in molten sodium hydroxide, in sodium – potassium alloys and in molten LiCl – KCl eutectic mixtures (352 ℃). Sodium hydride is stable in dry air but ignites above 230 ℃, burning to form sodium oxide. It is hydrolyzed rapidly in moist air and as a dry powder it is spontaneously flammable. Sodium hydride reacts extremely violently with water, the heat of hydrolysis being sufficient to ignite the liberated hydrogen. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form sodium formate.
물리적 성질
Silvery needles; refractive index 1.470; density 0.92 g/cm
3; decomposes at 800°C; decomposes explosively in water; reacts violently with lower alcohols; dissolves in molten sodium and molten sodium hydroxide; insoluble in liquid ammonia, benzene, carbon tetrachloride and carbon disulfide. Sodium hydride is available commercially
as 80 % and 60 % dispersions in mineral oil.
The light-gray pourable material has an average particle size of 10 mm (Degussa, Chemetall, Ventron). The oil protects the surface of
the highly reactive sodium hydride, which easily becomes passivated by the slightest atmospheric exposure or, worse, can ignite on longer
contact with air.
용도
Sodium hydride is used to enhance the condensation reactions of carbonyl compounds through the Dieckmann condensation, Stobbe condensation, Darzens condensation and Claisen condensation. It acts as a reducing agent used to prepare diborane from boron trifluoride. It is also used in fuel cell vehicles. Further, it is used to dry some organic solvents. In addition to this, it is involved in the preparation of sulfur ylides, which is utilized for the conversion of ketones into epoxides.
생산 방법
Sodium hydride, reactive with water yielding hydrogen gas and NaOH solution, formed by reaction of sodium and hydrogen at about 360 °C (680 °F). Used as a powerful reducing agent.
정의
sodium hydride: A white crystallinesolid, NaH; cubic; r.d. 0.92; decomposesabove 300°C (slow);completely decomposed at 800°C.Sodium hydride is prepared by thereaction of pure dry hydrogen withsodium at 350°C. Electrolysis ofsodium hydride in molten LiCl/KClleads to the evolution of hydrogen;this is taken as evidence for the ionicnature of NaH and the presence ofthe hydride ion (H–). It reacts violentlywith water to give sodium hydroxideand hydrogen, with halogensto give the halide and appropriatehydrogen halide, and ignites spontaneouslywith oxygen at 230°C. It is apowerful reducing agent with severallaboratory applications.
일반 설명
A silvery to whitish powder or slurry in oil. Used to make other chemicals.
공기와 물의 반응
Highly flammable. Ignites or explodes in contact with air of high humidity [Bretherick 1979 p. 107]. Reacts violently with water producing a caustic solution (NaOH) and hydrogen (H2). Heat of reaction may ignite the hydrogen.
반응 프로필
Sodium hydride is a powerful reducing agent. Attacks SiO2 in glass. Ignites on contact with gaseous F2, Cl2, Br2, and I2 (the last at temperatures exceeding 100°C), especially in the presence of moisture, to form HF, HCl, HBr, and HI [Mellor 2:483 1946-47]. Reacts with sulfur to give Na2S and H2S [Bretherick 1979 p. 107]. Can react explosively with dimethyl sulfoxide [Chem. Eng. News 44(24):7 1966]. Reacts vigorously with acetylene, even at -60°C [Mellor 2:483 1946-47]. Spontaneously flammable in fluorine. Reaction with dimethylformamide, when heated, runs away [Chem. Eng. News, 1982, 60(28), 5]. Initiates a polymerization reaction in ethyl-2,2,3-trifluoropropionate such that the ester decomposed violently [Bretherick 5th ed. 1995]. Presence in the reaction of diethyl succinate and ethyl trifluoroacetate, has twice caused explosions [Chem. Brit., 1983, 19, 645].
위험도
Dangerous fire risk, reacts violently with
water evolving hydrogen. Irritant.
건강위험
SOLID: Will burn skin and eyes. Harmful if swallowed.
화재위험
FLAMMABLE. MAY EXPLODE ON CONTACT WITH WATER. Accidental contact with water used to extinguish surrounding fire will result in the release of hydrogen gas and possible explosion.
Safety Profile
The powder ignites spontaneously in air. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Potentially explosive reaction with water, diethyl succinate + ethyltrifluoroacetate (above 60℃), dimethyl sulfoxide + heat, sulfur dioxide. Ignition or violent reaction with dimethylformamide (above 50℃), ethyl 2,2,3-trifluoropropionate, oxygen (at 230℃). Incompatible with acetylene + moisture, glycerin, halogens, sulphur. Normal fire extinguishers are unsuitable, use sand, ashes, solurn chloride. The commercial material may contain traces of sodium. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Na2O. See also HYDRIDES.
수소화나트륨 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
Methyl 3-amino-4-methylthiophene-2-carboxylate
에틸3-아미노벤즈오푸란-2-카복실레이트
4-(TRIMETHYL-UREIDO)-BENZENESULFONYL CHLORIDE
3-(3,5-디메틸-피라졸-1-일)-프로필아민
(6-(1H-피라졸-1-일)피리딘-3-일)메탄올
5-BROMO-2-ETHOXY-PYRIMIDINE
스페르미딘
메틸니코티노일아세테이트
5-플루오로-2-옥신돌
3-아미노-2,2-디메틸-1-프로판올
4-HYDROXY-2-METHYLPYRIMIDINE
4-브로모-피란-2-원
시클로옥타논
1-벤질-2-메틸이미다졸
TEMAFLOXACIN
3,5-Difluorophenylacetic acid
Furo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-carboxylic acid, 3-amino-, ethyl ester (9CI)
2-(TETRAHYDRO-PYRAN-4-YL)-ETHANOL
시스-9-테트라데센-1-OL
1-BOC-4-HYDROXY-4-(하이드록시메틸)-피페리딘
N-(4,6-DIMETHYLPYRIMIDIN-2-YL)-N-METHYLBENZENE-1,4-DIAMINE
1-벤질-2-이미다졸탄산
에틸4-메톡시-3-옥소-부타노에이트
사라플록사신
메틸6-(1H-피라졸-1-일)피리딘-3-카르복실레이트
6-(1H-피라졸-1-일)니코티노니트릴
Sertaconazole nitrate
메틸(7-)-1,6-옥타디엔
Ofloxacin
6-(1H-PYRAZOL-1-YL)NICOTINIC ACID
N-메틸-6-(1H-PYRAZOL-1-YL)니코틴아미드
2 , 4-BIS(BENZYLOXY)-5-BROMOPYRIMIDINE
[3R-(3α,3aβ,6β,7β,8aα)]-옥타하이드로-6-메톡시-3,6,8,8-테트라메틸-1H-3a,7-메타노아줄렌
3,5-DIMETHYL-3H-IMIDAZOLE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID ETHYL ESTER
프롤(5-)-2니트로벤조티아졸
FLOSEQUINAN
(R)-(-)-Benzyl glycidyl ether
2,4,6-트리-2-피리딜 S-트리아진
2,2-디메틸시클로헥사논
CROCONAZOLE
