염화 티오닐

염화 티오닐 속성

염화 티오닐 MSDS

Thionyl chloride

염화 티오닐 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산

물성

분자량(MW) 118.9654, 녹는점(°C) - 104 ,비중 1.631, 끓는점(°C) 76 ,인화점(°C) 105.무색에서 희미한 노랑 또는 희미한 붉은색 연기를 내며, 굴절력을 갖는 액체.

용도

황(S)을 포함하는 화학무기(Sulfur mustard, Amiton)의 원료- 살충제, 제초제, 계면활성제, 약품, 비타민, 염료 등의 제조용 중간체로 이용하기 위한 유기산의 산 염화물로의 변환에 이용. 리튬-염화티오닐 고성능 배터리에 이용. 고혈압 치료제, 의약품의 원료, 류마티스 치료제, 섬유 계면활성제, 구충제, 항생제의 원료, 방부제, 전자기기, 플라스틱 첨가제 등.

안전성

다른 연소물(목재, 종이, 오일 등)에 불이 붙을 수 있음. 물과 격렬히 반응함. 가연성의 독가스는 좁은 지역에 모임. 하수구 불량은 화재나 폭발위험이 있음.

화학적 성질

Thionyl chloride is a pale yellow to reddish liquid. Suffocating odor like sulfur dioxide. Fumes form when exposed to moist air.

물리적 성질

Pale yellow to red fuming liquid; suffocating odor; refractive index 1.517 at 20°C; density 1.631 g/mL at 20°C; freezes at -101°C; boils at 75.6°C; decomposes at 140°C; decomposes in water; soluble in benzene, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride.

용도

Thionyl chloride (SOCl2) is used as a chlorinating agent in manufacturing organic compounds. It is also used as a solvent in high-energy lithium batteries.

제조 방법

Sulfurous oxychloride can be prepared by oxidation of sulfur dichloride with sulfur trioxide: SCl₂ + SO₃ → SOCl₂ + SO₂
Also, the compound can be prepared by reacting sulfur dioxide with phosphorus pentachloride: SO₂ + PCl₅ → SOCl₂ + POCl₃.

정의

ChEBI: Thionyl chloride is a sulfinyl halide in which both of the halide atoms are chorines. It is a sulfinyl halide and a chlorine molecular entity.

일반 설명

Thionyl chloride appears as a colorless to yellow fuming liquid with a suffocating pungent odor. Boiling point 79 °C. A lachrymator. Highly corrosive and toxic. Long-term inhalation of low concentrations or short-term inhalation of high concentrations has adverse health effects.

반응 프로필

Thionyl chloride reacts, potentially explosively, with dimethyl sulfoxide or dimethylformamide containing traces of iron or zinc [Spitulnik, M. J., Chem. Eng. News, 1977, 55(31), p. 31]. Undergoes violent reactions with bases (ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, amines), alkali metals (sodium, potassium), esters (ethyl acetate), toluene mixed with ethanol / water [Bretherick, 5th ed., 1995, p. 1325]. Has an expansion ratio from gas to liquid of nearly 1000:1. Hence may cause an explosion if heated while contained [MCA Case History No. 1808]. May react vigorously or explosively if mixed with diisopropyl ether or other ethers in the presence of trace amounts of metal salts [J. Haz. Mat., 1981, 4, 291]. Perchloric acid ignites on contact with sulfinyl chloride. (Bailar, 1973, Vol. 2, 1442). SOCl2 reacts with esters, such as ethyl acetate, forming toxic SO2 gas and water soluble/toxic acyl chlorides, catalyzed by Fe or Zn (Spagnuolo, C.J. et al. 1992. Chemical and Engineering News 70(22):2.).

위험도

Strong irritant to skin, tissue, and upper respiratory tract.

건강위험

CORROSIVE and/or TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat that will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.

화재위험

EXCEPT FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE (UN1715), THAT IS FLAMMABLE, some of these materials may burn, but none ignite readily. May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases and runoff. Flammable/toxic gases may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or if contaminated with water. Substance may be transported in a molten form.

Safety Profile

Moderately toxic by inhalation. The material itself is more toxic than sulfur dioxide. Has a pungent odor similar to that of sulfur dioxide; it fumes upon exposure to air. Violent reaction with water releases hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide. Both these decomposition products constitute serious toxicity hazards. A corrosive irritant that causes burns to the skin and eyes. A powerful chlorinating agent. Potentially explosive reaction with ammonia, bis(dimethy1amino)sulfoxide - (above 80℃), chloryl perchlorate, 1,2,3- cyclohexanetrione trioxime + sulfur dioxide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexafluoroisopropylideneaminolithium. Violent reaction or ignition with 2,4-hexadiyn-1-6-di01, onitrobenzoyl acetic acid, o-nitrophenylacetic acid, sodum (ignites at 300℃). Incompatible with ammonia, dimethyl formamide + trace iron or zinc, linseed oil + quinoline, toluene + ethanol + water. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx and Cl-. See also HYDROGEN CHLORIDE and SULFUR DIOXIDE.

잠재적 노출

Thionyl chloride is used as specialty chlorinating agent, particularly in preparation of organic acid chlorides; in organic synthesis; as a catalyst.

운송 방법

UN1836 Thionyl chloride, Hazard class: 8; Labels: 8-Corrosive material.

Purification Methods

Crude SOCl2 can be freed from sulfuryl chloride, sulfur monochloride and sulfur dichloride by refluxing it with sulfur and then fractionally distilling twice. [The SOCl2 is converted to SO2 and sulfur chlorides. The S2Cl2 (b 135.6o) is left in the residue, whereas SCl2 (b 59o) passes over in the forerun.] The usual purification is to distil it from quinoline (50g SOCl2 to 10g quinoline) to remove acid impurities, followed by distillation from boiled linseed oil (50g SOCl2 to 20g of oil). Precautions must be taken to exclude moisture. Thionyl chloride is used extensively in organic syntheses and can be prepared by distillation of technical SOCl2 in the presence of diterpene (12g/250mL SOCl2), and avoiding overheating. Further purification is achieved by redistillation from linseed oil (1-2%) [Rigby Chem Ind (London) 1508 1969]. Gas chromatographically pure material is obtained by distillation from 10% (w/w) triphenyl phosphite [Friedman & Wetter J Chem Soc (A) 36 1967, Larsen et al. J Am Chem Soc 108 6950 1986]. HARMFUL VAPOURS.

비 호환성

Reacts violently with water releasing sulfur dioxide and hydrogen chloride. Keep away from water, acids, alcohols, alkalis, ammonia, chloryl perchlorate.

폐기물 처리

Spray on a thick layer of a (1:1) mixture of dry soda ash and slaked lime behind a shield. After mixing, spray water from an atomizer with great precaution. Transfer slowly into a large amount of water. Neutralize and drain into the sewer with sufficient water.

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