N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine

Description of N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine from Watson Biotechnology Co., Ltd

Specifications(COA) of N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine CAS 1811-31-0 use for Diagnostic Applications Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) is a monosaccharide derivative of galactose that plays a significant role in various biological and clinical applications. Some of its key applications include:

 1. Glycobiology and Glycoproteins

   - Glycosylation: GalNAc is crucial for the O-linked glycosylation of proteins, which occurs in the Golgi apparatus. In this process, GalNAc is attached to the serine or threonine residues of proteins, forming O-linked glycoproteins. These glycoproteins are essential for cell-cell communication, immune responses, and protein stability.

   - Blood Group Antigens: GalNAc is a part of the A antigen of the ABO blood group system. It plays a role in determining an individual's blood type.

 2. Therapeutic Applications

   - RNAi-based Therapies: N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc) conjugation is used in drug delivery systems, especially in RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapies. GalNAc is conjugated to small interfering RNA (siRNA) molecules to facilitate targeted delivery to liver cells (hepatocytes). This method leverages the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) present on hepatocytes, which has a high affinity for GalNAc, improving the drug's efficacy and reducing off-target effects.

   - Targeted Drug Delivery: Apart from RNAi, GalNAc-conjugated molecules are explored for the targeted delivery of other drugs to liver cells, offering a promising approach for treating liver diseases such as hepatitis, liver cancer, and metabolic disorders.

 3. Diagnostic Applications

   - Lectin-Based Assays: GalNAc is utilized in lectin-based assays, where it helps in the identification and characterization of glycoproteins. This is valuable for studying various biological processes, including cancer biology, where aberrant glycosylation patterns are often observed.

   - Tumor Markers: GalNAc-related glycan structures can serve as biomarkers for certain cancers, enabling the development of diagnostic tools for early cancer detection.

 4. Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering

   - Cellular Adhesion: GalNAc is used in the design of biomaterials that mimic natural cell environments. This can help improve cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation, which is beneficial in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

 5. Immunology

   - Modulation of Immune Response: The presence of GalNAc on glycoproteins and glycolipids can influence immune cell recognition and response. This property is being explored for potential applications in immunotherapy and vaccine development.

Overall, N-Acetyl-D-galactosamine has diverse applications in biotechnology, medicine, diagnostics, and research due to its unique chemical properties and biological roles.

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