Copper Peptide: Applications in Biosensors and its Side Effects

General Description

Copper peptide complexes are increasingly used in biosensing applications due to their ability to detect various analytes, including toxic anions like cyanide. These complexes exhibit dual functionality, enabling fluorescence quenching and recovery, which is crucial for real-time monitoring. They have demonstrated remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, making them effective tools for detecting harmful substances in living systems. However, potential side effects, such as gastrointestinal issues and allergic reactions, must be considered. Users should adhere to recommended dosages and seek medical advice if adverse reactions occur, ensuring the safe and effective application of copper peptides in both environmental and biomedical contexts.

Figure 1. Copper peptide

Applications in Biosensors

Applications in Fluorescent Biosensing

Copper peptide complexes have emerged as effective tools in the field of biosensors, particularly for the detection of various analytes. By forming stable complexes with copper ions, these unique molecules exhibit dual functionality, which can be harnessed to create “on-off” biosensors. Specifically, the interaction between copper and peptide can result in fluorescence quenching, which is integral for establishing a baseline. For instance, the addition of specific anions that strongly bind copper ions can trigger the release of copper from the complex, leading to a fluorescence recovery. This mechanism has been effectively utilized in designing sensors, such as those developed by Hu et al. that allow for real-time monitoring of copper ions and anions like sulfide in living cells, showcasing the impressive sensitivity and selectivity of copper peptide biosensors. ¹

Detection of Toxic Anions with Copper Peptide Systems

The ability of copper peptide complexes to selectively detect toxic anions, such as cyanide, has opened new avenues for biosensing applications. Cyanide is a highly toxic substance that can disrupt metal-dependent enzymatic functions, posing significant health hazards. Jung et al. developed a peptide system that integrates the ATCUN motif to form a complex with copper ions, resulting in noticeable changes in fluorescence and color metrics upon binding with cyanide. This innovative approach was able to achieve sensitive detection in pure aqueous solutions, marking a significant advancement in cyanide monitoring. The remarkable selectivity of the copper peptide complex was demonstrated, as interference from other common anions was minimal, further solidifying the copper peptide's role in biosensing applications. ¹

Multifunctionality and Real-World Applications

The multifunctional capability of copper peptide probes enhances their practical applications in real-world biosensing scenarios. These probes have been tailored to detect multiple analytes, including not only copper and cyanide but also other toxic substances like sulfide and hydrogen sulfide. For example, Wang et al. synthesized bifunctional probes that exhibited varying fluorescence responses to copper ions and sulfide, providing a comprehensive detection toolkit for researchers. By employing these probes in living biological systems, including colon cancer cells and zebrafish, scientists were able to successfully monitor the presence of copper and its interactions in dynamic environments. The high selectivity, sensitivity, and low biotoxicity of copper peptide complexes enhance their feasibility for future developments in biosensor technology, aligning well with current needs for rapid and reliable detection methods in environmental monitoring and biomedical applications. ¹

Side Effects

Potential Gastrointestinal Issues

Copper peptide, while beneficial for skin health and repair, can pose certain side effects, particularly when consumed in excess. Overconsumption of copper peptide can lead to gastrointestinal problems, including nausea and discomfort. As copper is classified as a trace mineral, it is essential to monitor intake levels carefully. Too much copper can trigger severe health complications and may even result in organ system toxicity. Therefore, it is crucial for individuals considering copper peptide as a supplement to adhere to recommended dosages and consult a healthcare professional. ²

Allergic Reactions and Caution

In addition to gastrointestinal issues, some users of copper peptide may experience allergic reactions, although these instances are rare. Symptoms can range from mild to severe rashes, potentially indicating a sensitivity to copper peptide. If an allergic reaction occurs, it is advisable to cease usage immediately and seek medical advice. Caution is especially important for those taking copper peptide orally as a dietary supplement, as ingesting excessive amounts can further exacerbate health risks. To ensure safety and efficacy, users should be well-informed about these potential side effects and practices for responsible use of copper peptide. ²

Reference

1. Liu G, Xia N, Tian L, Sun Z, Liu L. Progress in the Development of Biosensors Based on Peptide-Copper Coordination Interaction. Biosensors (Basel). 2022 Sep 30; 12(10): 809.

2. Arpita S. What Are Copper Peptides And How Can They Help Your Skin. 2020; Minimalist.