P-ксилол химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
colourless liquid
Физические свойства
Clear, colorless, watery liquid with a sweet odor. Odor threshold concentrations reported in air
were 47 ppbv by Leonardos et al. (1969) and 58 ppbv by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Использование
p-Xylene is used as a precursor in the production of benzoic, isophthalic, tetraphillic acids and dimethyle esters, which are used in the manufacture of polyester. It acts as an intermediate in plastic and rubber products.
Определение
ChEBI: A xylene with methyl groups at positions 1 and 4.
Методы производства
Pure p-xylene can be obtained from a mixture of o- and p-xylene by sulfonation and subsequent removal of water-soluble o-xylenesulfonic acid.
Общее описание
A colorless watery liquid with a sweet odor. Less dense than water. Insoluble in water. Irritating vapor. Freezing point is 56°F.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
P-XYLENE may react with oxidizing materials. . Acetic acid forms explosive mixtures with P-XYLENE and air (Shraer, B.I. 1970. Khim. Prom. 46(10):747-750.).
Угроза здоровью
Vapors cause headache and dizziness. Liquid irritates eyes and skin. If taken into lungs, causes severe coughing, distress, and rapidly developing pulmonary edema. If ingested, causes nausea, vomiting, cramps, headache, and coma. Can be fatal. Kidney and liver damage can occur.
Пожароопасность
Behavior in Fire: Vapor is heavier than air and may travel considerable distance to a source of ignition and flash back.
Химическая реактивность
Reactivity with Water No reaction; Reactivity with Common Materials: No reaction; Stability During Transport: Stable; Neutralizing Agents for Acids and Caustics: Not pertinent; Polymerization: Not pertinent; Inhibitor of Polymerization: Not pertinent.
Профиль безопасности
Moderately toxic by
intraperitoneal route. Mildly toxic by
ingestion and inhalation. An experimental
teratogen. Experimental reproductive
effects. May be narcotic in hgh
concentrations. Chronic toxicity not
established, but is less toxic than benzene. A
very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to
heat or flame; can react with oxidzing
materials. Explosive in the form of vapor
when exposed to heat or flame. To fight
fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical.
Potentially explosive reaction with acetic
acid + air, 1,3-dichloro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-
imidazolidinhone, nitric acid + pressure.
When heated to decomposition it emits
acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also
other xylene entries.
Методы очистки
The general purification methods listed for xylene above are applicable. p-Xylene can readily be separated from its isomers by crystallisation from such solvents as MeOH, EtOH, isopropanol, acetone, butanone, toluene, pentane or pentene. It can be further purified by fractional crystallisation by partial freezing, and stored over sodium wire or molecular sieves Linde type 4A. [Stokes & French J Chem Soc, Faraday Trans 1 76 537 1980, Beilstein 5 H 382, 5 I 185, 5 II 296, 5 III 845, 5 IV 951.]
P-ксилол препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат
Dacthal
Терефталальдегид
2,2-Dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopropanecarboxylic acid p-(methoxymethyl)benzyl ester
о-ксилола
Метил 3-(2-тиенил)акрилат
1,4-Bis(aminomethyl)benzene
1,4-Bis(methoxymethyl)benzene
Chlorcyclizine hydrochloride
P-толуальдегид
1,4-бис(трихлорметил)бензол
Циклооктанон
1-Метилпиперазин-2-он
м-ксилола
3,6-bis(bromomethyl)-1,2,4,5-tetrabromobenzene
Диангидрид пиромеллитовой кислоты
Pigment Red 122
4 - (хлорметил) бензойной кислоты
Терефталоил хлорид
1,3-БИС(АМИНОМЕТИЛ)БЕНЗОЛ
4 - (бромметил) бензойной кислоты
Хлорциклизин
Альфа,альфа'-дибром-p-ксилол
1,4-дицианобензол
Альфа,альфа'-дихлор-p-ксилол
P-толуиновая кислота
4-метилбензил бромид
Терефталевая кислота
ДИМЕТИЛТЕРЕФТАЛАТ