Триметилфосфата химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Trimethyl phosphate (TMP), the simplest trialkyl ester of phosphoric acid, It is a colourless, nonvolatile liquid. soluble in most organic solvents, low solubility in water. TMP is stable in neutral, acidic or alkaline solutions, and is classified as "not readily biodegradable". Direct photodegradation is not expected because trimethyl phosphate does not absorb UV light.
Использование
Trimethyl phosphate is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis. Its industrial applications are much fewer than those of other organic phosphates.Trimethyl phosphate undergoes hydrolysis in contact with water, so it should be stored in a moisture-proof manner. Due to its hydrolysis and release of PO43-, thus becoming a homogeneous precipitant for the formation of insoluble phosphate precipitation, often used as a precipitation reagent for zirconium and hafnium and as a diffusion source for the determination of semiconductors. In addition, trimethyl phosphate is also a phospholipid extractant for the extraction and separation of certain metal ions.
Методы производства
Trimethyl phosphate is prepared by treating phosphorus oxychloride with methanol in the presence of an amine base:
POCl3 + 3 CH3OH + 3 R3N → PO(OCH3)3 + 3 R3NH+Cl
It is a tetrahedral molecule that is a weakly polar solvent.
Определение
ChEBI: Trimethyl phosphate is a trialkyl phosphate that is the trimethyl ester of phosphoric acid. It has a role as an insect attractant.
Общее описание
Trimethyl phosphate appears as a pale straw colored liquid. Inhalation may irritate respiratory tract. Vapor or liquid may irritate skin or eyes. Ingestion may irritate the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract.
Профиль реактивности
TRIMETHYL PHOSPHATE may explode when heated. Residue from a large scale atmospheric pressure distillation of Trimethyl phosphate has exploded violently. Trimethyl phosphate is incompatible with nitrates. . Organophosphates are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.
Опасность
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, strong irritant to skin and eyes. trimethyl phosphate (TMP) is absorbed rapidly and completely by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion (WHO).
Пожароопасность
Trimethyl phosphate is nonflammable.
Промышленное использование
1 Gasoline additive at 0.25 g/gal for controlling surface ignition and spark plug
fouling.
2 Methylating agent, chemical intermediate in the production of polymethyl
polyphosphates.
3 Flame retardant solvent for paints and polymers.
4 Catalyst in the preparation of polymers and resins.
Профиль безопасности
Suspected carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic,
neoplastigenic, tumorigenic, and teratogenic
data. Moderately toxic by ingestion, skin
contact, intraperitoneal, and intravenous
routes. Experimental reproductive effects.
Human mutation data reported. Explodes
when heat distilled. When heated to
decomposition it emits toxic fumes of POx.
See also ESTERS.
Метаболизм
A system utilizing isolated anterior forearm stratum corneum conjunctum of man
to study skin penetrating capacity of a series of organic phosphates was developed.
Trimethyl phosphate was tested in the system and had the greatest skin-penetrating
capacity of the 8 related compounds tested (Marzulli et al 1965).
Rats treated orally at 100 mg/kg and mice treated i.p. at 1000 mg/kg with
[32]P-labeled trimethyl phosphate excreted primarily dimethyl phosphate in the
urine. Only traces of the parent compound were detected, and only in the rats at
less than 6 h after treatment. S-Methyl cysteine and S-methyl cysteine N-acetate
were also isolated. Small amounts of S-methyl glutathione were detected, presumably
the initial methylation product in this series of metabolites (Jones 1970).
Metabolism of trimethyl phosphate was faster in the mouse than in the rat, but
there was no evidence of further conversion to monomethyl phosphate or inorganic
phosphate in either species (Jackson and Jones 1968).
Методы очистки
Purify the phosphate by fractionation through an efficient column at high reflux ratio. It is quite soluble in H2O; the solubility is 1:1 at 25o. [Becker J Am Chem Soc 74 2923 1952, IR: Bergmann et al. J Chem Soc 847 1952, McIvor et al. Can J Chem 36 820 1958, Kosolapoff Organophosphorus Compounds, Wiley p 258 1950, and Cherbuliez in Organo Phosphorus Compounds (Kosolapoff & Maier eds) Wiley Vol 6 pp 211-577 1973, Beilstein 1 IV 1259.]
Утилизация отходов
TMP is mixed with a combustible solvent and destroyed by burning in a chemical incinerator.
Триметилфосфата препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат