1,8-дигидроксиантрахинон химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Danthron, a natural product, was originally extracted from
the roots and rhizome of Polygonaceae plant, also
called Da Huang in traditional Chinese herbal medicine.
Now it is synthesized in many countries, such as Germany,
India, Japan, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United
States. Danthron is reasonably anticipated to be a human
carcinogen.
Danthron is an anthraquinone that exists at room temperature
as a red or orange crystalline powder.It is practically
insoluble in water, but soluble in a variety of solvents
(acetone, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethanol) and alkaline
hydroxide solutions. The stability of danthron is generally
good. It is stable under room temperatures and normal pressures.
Химические свойства
orange-brown or brown powder
Использование
1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone can be used:
- To prepare an inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin, applicable as a sensor in the estimation of Cu2+?ions in an aqueous solution.
- As a starting material in the synthesis of 1,4,5,8-tetramethoxyanthracene.
- As an aromatic scavenger in the modification of lignin, which acts as a corrosion inhibitor for steel.
Определение
ChEBI: 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is a dihydroxyanthraquinone that is anthracene-9,10-dione substituted by hydroxy groups at positions 1 and 8. It has a role as an apoptosis inducer and a plant metabolite.
Всемирная организация здравоохранения(ВОЗ)
Dantron, an anthroquinone derivative, has been available for over
twenty years and is widely used as a laxative. The results of two chronic toxicity
studies in rodents, published in 1985 and 1986, have shown that administration of
high doses is associated with the development of intestinal and liver tumours.
Общее описание
Orange crystalline powder. Almost odorless and tasteless.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is incompatible with strong reducing substances such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.
Пожароопасность
Flash point data for 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone are not available; however, 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone is probably combustible.
Побочные эффекты
Liver injury may occur with 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone when used as a laxative for one year. Symptoms disappeared after discontinuation of the drug, but recurred after resumption of the drug; none of the drugs administered alone had any effect on liver function test results. In addition, deep skin discolouration may occur with heavy use, mainly in elderly subjects, and is limited to the buttocks and thighs, with mild signs of inflammation. Skin contact with faeces or urine containing the drug appears to be a prerequisite for discolouration. Inflammation, if present, may be due to reduction of the parent compound in the colon to diol derivatives, which can irritate the intestine and skin in a way that the parent compound does not. There is also the possibility of colorectal melanosis.
Профиль безопасности
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic data.
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route.
An eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic and
neoplastigenic data. Human mutation data
reported. A laxative. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
Возможный контакт
A potential liver carcinogen and
possible narcotic, this compound is no longer sold or
marketed in the United States Nervous system toxin-acute
effects; Respiratory toxin-acute effects other than severe or
moderate irritation; Liver-acute effects; Eye irritant-mild.
Канцерогенность
Danthron is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Экологическая судьба
Danthron can cause DNA damage particularly at guanines in the
5'-GG-3', 5'-GGGG-3', 5'-GGGGG-3' sequences in the presence
of Cu(II), cytochrome P450 reductase and the nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-generating system.
H2O2 and Cu(I) may also be involved because this DNA
damage can be inhibited by catalase and bathocuproine. The
further mechanism is danthron is reduced by P450 reductase
and generate reactive oxygen species through the redox cycle,
leading to extensive Cu(II)-mediated DNA damage. The DNA
damage also comes from similar topoisomerase II inhibitor
behavior of danthron.
Перевозки
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required.
Методы очистки
Crystallise Danthrone from EtOH and sublime it in a vacuum. [Beilstein 8 IV 3217.]
Несовместимости
Keep away from strong reducing agents,
such as hydrides, nitrides, alkali metals, and sulfides.
Утилизация отходов
It is inappropriate and
possibly dangerous to the environment to dispose of
expired or waste drugs and pharmaceuticals by flushing
them down the toilet or discarding them to the trash.
Household quantities of expired or waste pharmaceuticals
may be mixed with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double-
bagged in plastic, discard in trash. Larger quantities shall
carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and
FDA regulations. If possible return the pharmaceutical to
the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to prop-
erly label and securely package the material. Alternatively,
the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely
packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste
contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or
toxic waste landfill or incinerator.
1,8-дигидроксиантрахинон препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат