Антрахинон химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Anthraquinone is a combustible, light yellow to green crystalline solid. Soluble in ethanol, ether and acetone, insoluble in water. It may be prepared by reacting benzene with phthalic anhydride. The compoundis the basis of a range ofdyestuffs.
Вхождение
Anthraquinones naturally occur in some plants (eg. aloe, senna, rhubarb, and Cascara buckthorn), fungi, lichens, and insects, where they serve as a basic skeleton for their pigments. Natural anthraquinone derivatives tend to have laxative effects.
Использование
Anthraquinone is used in paper industry as a catalyst to increase the pulp production yield and to improves the fiber strength through reduction reaction of cellulose to carboxylic acid. It is also used as a precursor for dye formation.
Определение
ChEBI: Anthraquinone is an anthraquinone that is anthracene in which positions 9 and 10 have been oxidised to carbonyls. It is a colorless crystalline quinone used in producing dyestuffs such as alizarin.
Подготовка
Anthraquinone is obtained by oxidation of anthracene using sodium dichromate plus sulfuric acid, and is purified by dissolving in concentrated sulfuric acid at 130 °C and pouring into boiling water, whereupon anthraquinone separates as pure solid, and is recovered by filtration. Further purification may be accomplished by sublimation or crystallization from nitrobenzene, aniline or tetrachloroethane.
Общее описание
Anthraquinone is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derived from anthracene or phthalic anhydride. Anthraquinone is used in the manufacture of dyes, in the textile and pulp industries, and as a bird repellant.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
Anthraquinone is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Опасность
Possible carcinogen.
Пожароопасность
Anthraquinone is combustible.
Сельскохозяйственное использование
Repellent, Seed treatment: Used as a seed dressing or protectant. Banned in EU.
Торговое название
(p)ANTHRAPEL®; FLIGHT CONTROL-
PLUS®; HOELITE®; MORKIT®; REPELL®
Фармаколо?гия
Anthraquinone is a secondary repellent and affects
birds by causing post-ingestional distress (40). Sometimes,
ingestion of anthraquinone-treated food produces vomiting,
but often vomiting does not occur and the bird just sits
quietly until the discomfort passes. Unlike methiocarb,
anthraquinone doe not affect the bird’s nervous system
and does not immobilize affected birds. Presumably, the
emetic response is produced through irritation of the gut
lining, but the actual mechanism is unclear. It is clear,
however, that anthraquinone is not a taste repellent or
contact irritant. Birds do not hesitate to eat treated food,
and they exhibit no sign that treated food is unpalatable
to them. The post-ingestional discomfort that results from
eating anthraquinone-treated food produces a conditioned
aversion to that food type. Birds need to experience the
adverse consequences before learning to avoid the protected
food. Thus, it is not reasonable to expect losses to
cease immediately upon application of the repellent. There
will be some level of loss in the crop as the depredating
birds acquire the learned avoidance response.
Профиль безопасности
Moderately toxic by
intraperitoneal route. A mild allergen.
Mutation data reported. Combustible when
exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use
water, foam, CO2, water spray or mist, dry
chemical. When heated to decomposition it
emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
Возможный контакт
Anthraquinone is an important starting
material for vat dye manufacture. Also used in making
organics; and used as a bird repellent in seeds.
Перевозки
UN3143 Dyes, solid, toxic, n.o.s. or Dye intermediates,
solid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels:
6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required.
Методы очистки
Crystallise anthraquinone from CHCl3 (38mL/g), *benzene, or boiling acetic acid, wash it with a little EtOH and dry it under vacuum over P2O5. [Beilstein 7 IV 2556.]
Несовместимости
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions.
Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases,
strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides
Утилизация отходов
Dissolve or mix the material
with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator
equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal,
state, and local environmental regulations must be
observed.
Антрахинон препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат
Anthrone
2,6-Diaminoanthraquinone
1 5-АНТРАХИНОНДИСУЛЬФОННАЯ КИСЛОТА
Vat Green 3
1-Anthraquinonesulfonic acid
1,5-дихлорантрахинона
1-хлорантрахинон
9,10-диметилантрацен
Водорода пероксид
1 5-DINITROANTHRAQUINONE 97
Ализарин
2-антрахинонсульфоновая кислота
Этилгексаноа
1,8-DINITROANTHRAQUINONE
1,4,5,8-Tetrachloroanthraquinone
7H-бенз[де]антрацен-7-он
2,3-DIMETHYLANTHRAQUINONE
Disperse Blue 56
Benzoic acid, 5-4-4-4-(4-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxo-3-sulfo-1-anthracenyl)amino-2-sulfophenylamino-6-(phenylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-ylaminophenylazo-2-hydroxy-, trisodium salt
1-аминоантрахинона
1,5-диаминоантрахинон
2-Bromoanthraquinone
9,10-диоксоантрацен-1,8-дисульфоновая кислота