Ванадий(V) оксид химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Vanadium pentoxide is a yellow to red colour solid and is odourless. Vanadium pentoxide
dust is the particulate form of a non-combustible, odourless, yellow-orange or dark grey
crystalline solid.
On decomposition by heating, vanadium pentoxide produces toxic fumes. Vanadium
is widely distributed in the Earth’s crust in a wide range of minerals and in fossil fuels.
Vanadium pentoxide, the major commercial product of vanadium, is mainly used in the
production of alloys with iron and aluminium. It is also used as an oxidation catalyst in
the chemical industry and in a variety of minor applications.
Химические свойства
A yellow to rust-brown or orange crystals or powder. Slightly soluble in water and denser than water. Contact may cause severe irritation to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. May be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption.
Использование
Vanadium(V) oxide is used in Vacuum deposition, catalysts for conversion of toluene to benzonitrile or propylene to acrylonitrile, as a detector material in bolometers and microbolometer arrays for thermal imaging.
Определение
vanadium pentoxide: A crystalline compound,V2O5, used extensively as a catalyst inindustrial gas-phase oxidationprocesses.
Профиль реактивности
Vanadium pentoxide is acidic in many reactions. Hence, soluble in bases. [Kirk-Othmer]. Can react with ClF3, Li, peroxyformic acid and (Ca+S+H2O). Also reacts with strong acids.
Опасность
The compound is toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and contact. Inhalation can cause asthma, cough, dyspnea, and bronchial constriction. Ingestion can cause gastrointestinal tract disturbances. Other toxic symptoms are skin pallor, greenish-black tongue, and papular skin rash (Lewis, R.J. (Sr) 1996. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9thed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold).
The oral LD50 for V2O5 dust in rats is 10 mg/kg and the inhalation LCLO in rats is 70 mg/m3/2hr.
Угроза здоровью
Probable oral lethal dose for humans is between 5 and 50 mg/kg or between 7 drops and 1 teaspoonful for a 70 kg (150 lb.) person. Toxicity is about the same magnitude as pentavalent arsenic. A person with chronic respiratory disease is at greater risk when exposed to this substance.
Пожароопасность
Container may explode in heat of fire. When heated to decomposition, Vanadium pentoxide emits acrid smoke and fumes of vanadium oxides. Material is not flammable but Vanadium pentoxide may increase the intensity of the fire when in contact with combustible materials. Avoid chlorine trifluoride; lithium; peroxyformic acid; and calcium, sulfur, water complexes. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.
Профиль безопасности
Poison by ingestion,
inhalation, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous,
intratracheal, and intravenous routes. An
experimental teratogen. Human systemic
effects by inhalation: bronchiolar
constriction, including asthma, cough,
dpspnea, sputum, and conjunctiva irritation.
Experimental reproductive effects. Mutation
data reported. A respiratory irritant; causes
skin pallor, greenish-black tongue, chest
pain, cough, dyspnea, palpitation, lung
changes. When ingested it causes
gastrointestinal tract disturbances. May also
cause a papular skin rash. Mixtures with
calcium + sulfur + water may ignite
spontaneously. The absorption of V2O5 by
inhalation is nearly 100%. Incompatible with
ClF3, Li, peroxyformic acid. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes of VOx. See also
VANADIUM COMPOUNDS.
Возможный контакт
(dust); Suspected reprotoxic hazard,
Suspected of causing genetic defects, Primary irritant (w/o
allergic reaction), (fume) Possible risk of forming tumors,
Vanadium pentoxide is an industrial catalyst in oxidation
reactions; is used in glass and ceramic glazes; is a
steel additive; and is used in welding electrode coatings.
Канцерогенность
Vanadium pentoxide was not mutagenic
in Salmonella strains and did not increase the frequency
of micronucleated erythrocytes in mice.9
In other studies vanadium compounds have produced
clear evidence of aneuploidy in somatic
cells after exposure by several different routes.
Перевозки
UN2862 Vanadium pentoxide, nonfused form,
Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Несовместимости
Strong acids; lithium, chlorine trifluoride;
peroxyformic acid; combustible substances.
Утилизация отходов
Consult with environmental
regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal
practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant
(≥100 kg/mo) must conform to EPA regulations governing
storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal.
Vanadium pentoxide may be salvaged or disposed of in a
sanitary landfill.
Ванадий(V) оксид препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат