Парафин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Clear colorless oil
Использование
Paraffin Oils is a useful organic solvent for isolating the nucleus of the gian amphibian oocyte.
Методы производства
Mineral oil is obtained by distillation of petroleum. The lighter
hydrocarbons are first removed by distillation and the residue is
then redistilled between 330–390°C. The distillate is chilled and the
solid fractions are removed by filtration. The filtrate is then further
purified and decolorized by high-pressure hydrogenation or sulfuric
acid treatment; the purified filtrate is then filtered through
adsorbents. The liquid portion obtained is distilled and the portion
boiling below 360°C is discarded. A suitable stabilizer may be
added to the mineral oil;
Общее описание
Transparent colorless oily liquid. Practically tasteless and odorless, even when warmed.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Flammable. Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
OIL. [MINERAL] may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring may occur followed by ignition of unreacted oil and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, mostly unreactive. Not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. Burns exothermically when heated sufficiently or when ignited in the presence of air, oxygen or strong oxidizing agents.
Опасность
Inhalation of vapor or particulates can causeaspiration pneumonia. Combustible liquid. Upperrespiratory tract irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
Угроза здоровью
Highly refined mineral oil mist
is of low toxicity.
Пожароопасность
PARAFFIN is combustible.
Фармацевтические приложения
Mineral oil is used primarily as an excipient in topical pharmaceutical
formulations, where its emollient properties are exploited as an
ingredient in ointment bases. It is additionally used in
oil-in-water emulsions,as a solvent, and as a lubricant in
capsule and tablet formulations, and to a limited extent as a mold-release agent for cocoa butter suppositories. It has also been used in
the preparation of microspheres and as a vaccine adjunct.
Therapeutically, mineral oil has been used as a laxative.It is indigestible and thus has limited absorption.
Mineral oil is used in ophthalmic formulations for its lubricant
properties. It is also used in cosmetics and some food products.
Профиль безопасности
A human teratogen by
inhalation that causes testicular tumors in
the fetus. Inhalation of vapor or particulates
can cause aspiration pneumonia. A skin and
eye irritant. Highly purified food grades are
of low toxicity. Questionable human
carcinogen producing gastrointestinal
tumors. Slightly combustible liquid when
exposed to heat or flame. To fight fire, use
dry chemical, CO2, foam. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
fumes.
хранилище
Mineral oil undergoes oxidation when exposed to heat and light.
Oxidation begins with the formation of peroxides, exhibiting an
‘induction period’. Under ordinary conditions, the induction period
may take months or years. However, once a trace of peroxide is
formed, further oxidation is autocatalytic and proceeds very
rapidly. Oxidation results in the formation of aldehydes and
organic acids, which impart taste and odor. Stabilizers may be added to retard oxidation; butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated
hydroxytoluene, and alpha tocopherol are the most commonly used
antioxidants.
Mineral oil may be sterilized by dry heat.
Mineral oil should be stored in an airtight container, protected
from light, in a cool, dry place.
Методы очистки
Treat the oil with fuming H2SO4 (care), then wash it with water and dilute aqueous NaOH, then percolate it through activated silica gel. Paraffin Wax. Melt the wax in the presence of NaOH, wash it with water until all of the base had been removed. The paraffin is allowed to solidify after each wash. Finally, 5g of paraffin is melted by heating it on a water-bath, then shaken for 20-30minutes with 100mL of boiling water and and dry the melt under vacuum.
Несовместимости
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Регуляторный статус
GRAS listed. Accepted in the UK for use in certain food
applications. Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database
(dental preparations; IV injections; ophthalmic preparations; oral
capsules and tablets; otic, topical, transdermal, and vaginal
preparations). Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK. Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
Парафин препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат