Витамин D3 химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
White or colorless crystalline solid. Odorless;
Использование
Vitamin D3 analogue.
Показания
Vitamin D is the collective term for a group of compounds
formed by the action of ultraviolet irradiation on
sterols. Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) and calciferol (vitamin
D2) are formed by irradiation of the provitamins 7-
dehydrocholesterol and ergosterol, respectively. The
conversion to vitamin D3 occurs in the skin. The liver is
the principal storage site for vitamin D, and it is here that
the vitamin is hydroxylated to form 25-hydroxyvitamin
D. Additional hydroxylation to form 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin
D occurs in the kidney in response to the need for
calcium and phosphate
Определение
A free vitamin D
3, isolated in crystalline state from
the 3,5-dinitrobenzoate, produced by irradiation,
and equivalent in activity to vitamin D3 of tunaliver oil.
Общее описание
Fine colorless crystals. Water insoluble.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Sensitive to moisture, air and light. . Water insoluble.
Профиль реактивности
Vitamin D3 may react vigorously with strong oxidizing agents. May react exothermically with reducing agents to release hydrogen gas.
Угроза здоровью
SYMPTOMS: Symptoms of exposure to Vitamin D3 may include weakness, fatigue, lassitude headache, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, decrease urinary concentrating ability, proteinuria, tissue calcification, hypertension and osteoporosis.
Пожароопасность
Flash point data for Vitamin D3 are not available. Vitamin D3 is probably combustible.
Сельскохозяйственное использование
Rodenticide: Used in bait for vermin control. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that has an important role in regulating body
levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of
bone. Not approved for use in EU countries. Registered
for use in the U.S. and other countries.
Торговое название
DELSTEROL®; DEPARAL®; D3-
VIGANTOL®; QUINTOX®; RAMPAGE®; RICKETON®;
TRIVITAN®; VIGORSAN®; VITINC DAN-DEE-3®
Механизм действия
1, 25-(OH)2D3 exerts its influence within target tissues
through high-affinity sterol-specific intracellular receptor
proteins.The D3 receptor, similar to steroid receptor
systems, translocates the hormone from the cell cytoplasm
to the nucleus, where biological response is initiated
via transcription and translation.
Клиническое использование
The principal disorder associated with inadequate
vitamin D intake is rickets. The low blood calcium and
phosphate levels that occur during vitamin D deficiency
stimulate parathyroid hormone secretion to restore calcium
levels. In children, this deficiency
leads to the formation of soft bones that become deformed
easily; in adults, osteomalacia results from the
removal of calcium from the bone.Vitamin D deficiency
may occur in patients with metabolic disorders, such as
hypoparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy. The requirement
for vitamin D is slightly higher in members
of darker-pigmented races, since melanin interferes
with the irradiation that produces vitamin D3 in the
skin. People with limited exposure to the sun may need
to supplement vitamin D intake.
Побочные эффекты
The hypercalcemia resulting from hypervitaminosis
D is responsible for toxic symptoms such as muscle
weakness, bone pain, anorexia, ectopic calcification, hypertension,
and cardiac arrhythmias. Toxicity in infants
can result in mental and physical retardation, renal failure,
and death.
Профиль безопасности
Poison by ingestion. An
experimental teratogen. When heated to
decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes.
Возможный контакт
Sterol rodenticide used in bait for vermin control. Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that has an important role in regulating body levels of calcium and phosphorus, and in mineralization of bone. Not approved for use in EU countries
Метаболический путь
Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is the mammalian form of vitamin D. It is
normally produced in the skin by the action of UV light on its precursor, 7-
dehydrocholesterol. Essential amounts of the vitamin are obtained thus or
from dietary sources such as fish oils. The active form of the vitamin is
1,25-dihydroxy-cholecalciferol. Its formation occurs in two stages: 25-
hydroxylation in the liver, followed by 1-hydroxylation in the kidney (see
Engstrom and Koszewski, 1989 and references cited therein).
Перевозки
UN2811 Toxic solids, organic, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical Name Required
Методы очистки
It is converted into its 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl ester and crystallised repeatedly from acetone. The ester is then saponified and the free vitamin is isolated. [Laughland & Phillips Anal Chem 28 817 1956, Beilstein 6 III 2811, 6 IV 4149.]
Несовместимости
Sensitive to air, light, and moisture. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
Утилизация отходов
Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material’s impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.
Витамин D3 препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат