2,3-диметилбутан химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
2,3-Dimethylbutane, C6H14, is a flammable liquid with a
specific gravity of 0.66164. It is released into the atmosphere
from automobile, biomass combustion, and gasoline vapor
emissions.
Физические свойства
Colorless liquid with a mild gasoline-like odor. An odor threshold concentration of 4.2 ppmv was
reported by Nagata and Takeuchi (1990).
Использование
2,3-Dimethylbutane is used in high octane fuels and in organic synthesis. It is also used as a gas chromatography standard.
Методы производства
2,3-Dimethylbutane is produced from crude oil, natural
liquid gases, and petroleum refining processes.
Общее описание
A clear colorless liquid with a petroleum-like odor. Flash point -20°F. Less dense than water and insoluble in water. Vapors heavier than air.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
Saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE, may be incompatible with strong oxidizing agents like nitric acid. Charring of the hydrocarbon may occur followed by ignition of unreacted hydrocarbon and other nearby combustibles. In other settings, aliphatic saturated hydrocarbons are mostly unreactive. They are not affected by aqueous solutions of acids, alkalis, most oxidizing agents, and most reducing agents. 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE is incompatible with oxidizing materials. 2,3-DIMETHYLBUTANE is also incompatible with oxygen. .
Угроза здоровью
Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
Профиль безопасности
Probably an irritant and
narcotic in high concentration. A very
dangerous fire and explosion hazard when
exposed to heat or flame; can react
vigorously with oxidizing materials. Keep
away from heat and open flame. To fight
fire, use foam, CO2, dry chemical. When
heated to decomposition it emits acrid
smoke and irritating fumes.
Экологическая судьба
Photolytic. Major products reported from the photooxidation of 2,3-dimethylbutane with
nitrogen oxides are carbon monoxide and acetone. Minor products included formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde and peroxyacyl nitrates (Altshuller, 1983). Synthetic air containing gaseous nitrous
acid and exposed to artificial sunlight (λ = 300–450 nm) photooxidized 2,3-dimethylbutane into
acetone, hexyl nitrate, peroxyacetal nitrate, and a nitro aromatic compound tentatively identified
as a propyl nitrate (Cox et al., 1980).
Chemical/Physical. Complete combustion in air yields carbon dioxide and water vapor. 2,3-
Dimethylbutane will not hydrolyze because it has no hydrolyzable functional group.
Методы очистки
Distil it from sodium, pass it through a column of silica gel (activated by heating in nitrogen to 350o before use) to remove unsaturated impurities, and again distil it from sodium. Also distil it azeotropically with MeOH, then wash with water, dry (Na2SO4) it, and redistil it. [Beilstein 1 IV 371.]
2,3-диметилбутан препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат
2,2-диметилбутанового
3-метилпентан
2,3-диметил-2-бутен
ПЕРФТОР-2-МЕТИЛПЕНТАН
ПЕРФТОР(2,3-ДИМЕТИЛБУТАН)
2,3,5-триметилгексан
2,3,4-Триметилпентан
1,4-DIBROMO-2,3-BIS(BROMOMETHYL)-2-BUTENE
2,3,3-триметилпентан
2,4-диметилпентан