Сульфаниламид химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Sulfanilamide is an organic sulfur compound structurally similar to p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) with antibacterial property. Sulfanilamide competes with PABA for the bacterial enzyme dihydropteroate synthase, thereby preventing the incorporation of PABA into dihydrofolic acid, the immediate precursor of folic acid. This leads to an inhibition of bacterial folic acid synthesis and de novo synthesis of purines and pyrimidines, ultimately resulting in cell growth arrest and cell death.
Химические свойства
White granules or powder crystals, odorless. Taste slightly bitter. Slightly soluble in cold water, ethanol, methanol, ether and acetone, easily soluble in boiling water, glycerin, hydrochloric acid, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide solution, insoluble in chloroform, ether, benzene and petroleum ether.
Использование
Sulfanilamide is an antibacterial agent and antimicrobial agent of sulfonamide type (topical and vaginal).
Подготовка
Sulfonamide is synthesized from acetanilide by chlorosulfonation, amination, hydrolysis, and neutralization:
Acetanilide is reacted with chlorosulfonic acid at 40～50℃, then cooled, slowly added to water for acid decomposition, precipitated at the same time, dried and filtered to obtain p-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl chloride, and then subjected to ammoniation, and the amination temperature is controlled at 40～ 45 ℃, and then hydrolyzed, acidified to obtain sulfonamide.
Определение
ChEBI: Sulfanilamide is a sulfonamide in which the sulfamoyl functional group is attached to aniline at the 4-position. It has a role as an EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor, an antibacterial agent and a drug allergen. It is a substituted aniline, a sulfonamide antibiotic and a sulfonamide.
Всемирная организация здравоохранения(ВОЗ)
Sulfanilamide, a sulfonamide anti-infective agent, was introduced
in 1936 for the treatment of bacterial infections. The importance of sulfonamides
has subsequently decreased as a result of increasing resistance and their
replacement by antibiotics which are generally more active and less toxic. The
sulfonamides are known to cause serious adverse effects such as renal toxicity,
sometimes fatal exfoliative dermatitis and erythema multiforma and dangerous
adverse reactions affecting blood formation such as agranulocytosis and
haemolytic or aplastic anaemia. Sulfanilamide is still used in some countries as a
pessaries or as vaginal cream.
Общее описание
White powder. pH of 0.5% aqueous solution: 5.8-6.1.
Реакции воздуха и воды
May be unstable if exposed for long periods air and light . Slightly water soluble.
Профиль реактивности
Sulfanilamide is an amino acid. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. May react with azo and diazo compounds to generate toxic gases.
Пожароопасность
Flash point data for Sulfanilamide are not available but Sulfanilamide is probably combustible.
Профиль безопасности
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. Human teratogenic effects by unspecified route: developmental abnormalities of the blood and lymphatic systems (including the spleen and bone marrow). Experimental reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Mutation data reported. Implicated in aplastic anemia. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and SOx.
Сульфаниламид препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат