Сульфаметазин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Sulfamethazine is an antibacterial sulfonamide. Like other sulfonamides, sulfamethazine is bacteriostatic, competitively inhibiting dihydropteroate synthase to block folate synthesis and inhibit growth and multiplication. Sulfamethazine is metabolized by cytochrome P450 isoforms and arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 in a sex-dependent manner.
Химические свойства
White to Off-Solid
Использование
Sulfamethazine is an antibacterial.This compound is a contaminant of emerging concern (CECs).
Определение
ChEBI: A sulfonamide consisting of pyrimidine with methyl substituents at the 4- and 6-positions and a 4-aminobenzenesulfonamido group at the 2-position.
Всемирная организация здравоохранения(ВОЗ)
Sulfadimidine, a sulfonamide anti-infective agent, was introduced
in 1942 for the treatment of bacterial infections. The importance of sulfonamides
has subsequently decreased as a result of increasing resistance and their
replacement by antibiotics which are generally more active and less toxic. The
sulfonamides are known to cause serious adverse effects such as renal toxicity,
sometimes fatal exfoliative dermatitis and erythema multiforma and dangerous
adverse reactions affecting blood formation such as agranulocytosis and
haemolytic or aplastic anaemia. Sulfadimidine is still used in some countries as a
injectable or oral antimicrobial for susceptible infections.
Антимикробная активность
This drug is used for pneumococcal, staphylococcal, and streptococcal infections as well
as for sepsis, gonorrhea, and other infectious diseases. Synonyms of this drug are sulfadiamezin and sulfadimidin.
Общее описание
Sulfamethazine’splasma half-life is 7 hours. This compound is similar inchemical properties to sulfamerazine and sulfadiazine butdoes have greater water solubility than either. Its pKa is 7.2.Because it is more soluble in acid urine than sulfamerazineis, the possibility of kidney damage from use of the drug isdecreased. The human body appears to handle the drugunpredictably; hence, there is some disfavor to its use in thiscountry except in combination sulfa therapy (in trisulfapyrimidines,USP) and in veterinary medicine.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Water solubility increases rapidly with increasing pH [Merck]. Insoluble in water.
Профиль реактивности
Sulfamethazine is sensitive to light and may also be sensitive to heat. The presence of oxygen and moisture may accelerate the effects of heat and light .
Пожароопасность
Flash point data for Sulfamethazine are not available; however, Sulfamethazine is probably combustible.
Фармацевтические приложения
2-Sulfanilamido-4,6-methylpyrimidine (syn: sulphamethazine,
sulfamezathine). A water-soluble compound, unstable
on exposure to light. It is usually administered by
mouth and is a component of some triple sulfonamide
combinations.
The spectrum is typical of the group, but sulfadimidine
exhibits relatively low potency. It is well absorbed
after oral administration. It is extensively metabolized,
predominantly
by acetylation. The mean plasma half-life
(1.5–5 h) varies with acetylator status.
In addition to side effects common to the group, a serious
interaction between ciclosporin (cyclosporin A) and sulfadimidine,
leading to reduced ciclosporin levels, has been
reported.
Профиль безопасности
Moderately toxic by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of SOx and NOx.
Методы очистки
Crystallise it from dioxane or aqueous dioxane. [Caldwell et al. J Am Chem Soc 63 2188 1941, Roblin et al. J Am Chem Soc 64 567 1942, Beilstein 25 III/IV 2215.]
Сульфаметазин препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат