Бронопол химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Bronopol, a formaldehyde releaser, was reported as an
allergen in dairy workers. In a recent case report,
bronopol was contained in a lubricant jelly used for
ultrasound examination and caused contact dermatitis
in a veterinary surgeon.
Химические свойства
Bronopol is a white or almost white crystalline powder; odorless or
with a faint characteristic odor.
Использование
First synthesized in 1897, bronopol was primarily used as an effective preservative agent and possesses a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity and inhibits the growth of fungi and yeasts. It can be used in the formulation of a wide variety of cosmetic and personal care products, especially in leave-on and rinse-off shampoos, creams, lotions, rinses and eye makeup to protect the product integrity by preventing or slowing bacterial growth.
Bronopol is used as a microbiocide/microbiostat in oil field systems, air washer systems, air conditioning/humidifying systems, cooling water systems, papermills, absorbent clays, metal working fluids, printing inks, paints, adhesives and consumer/institutional products. A formulating technical material is also registered.
https://www.ulprospector.comhttps://www3.epa.govМетоды производства
Bronopol is synthesized by the reaction of nitromethane with
paraformaldehyde in an alkaline environment, followed by
bromination. After crystallization, bronopol powder may be milled
to produce a powder of the required fineness.
Общее описание
White crystals. Ignite easily and burn readily. May detonate under strong shock. Decomposes when heated, evolving toxic gases. Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Highly flammable. Water soluble.
Профиль реактивности
Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, strong reducing agents, acid chlorides and acid anhydrides. 2-Bromo-2-nitro-1,3-propanediol is also incompatible with sulfhydryl compounds or with aluminum or iron containers (it is stable in contact with tin or stainless steel).
Опасность
Toxic by all routes of exposure; skin irritant.
Угроза здоровью
Fire may produce irritating and/or toxic gases. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution.
Пожароопасность
Flammable/combustible material. May be ignited by friction, heat, sparks or flames. Some may burn rapidly with flare burning effect. Powders, dusts, shavings, borings, turnings or cuttings may explode or burn with explosive violence. Substance may be transported in a molten form at a temperature that may be above its flash point. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished.
Фармацевтические приложения
Bronopol 0.01–0.1% w/v is used as an antimicrobial preservative
either alone or in combination with other preservatives in topical
pharmaceutical formulations, cosmetics, and toiletries; the usual
concentration is 0.02% w/v.
Контактные аллергены
Профиль безопасности
Poison by ingestion,
subcutaneous, intravenous, and
intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by
skin contact. An eye and human skin irritant.
An antiseptic. When heated to
decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of
NOx, and Br-.
хранилище
Bronopol is stable and its antimicrobial activity is practically
unaffected when stored as a solid at room temperature and ambient
relative humidity for up to 2 years.
The pH of a 1.0% w/v aqueous solution is 5.0–6.0 and falls
slowly during storage; solutions are more stable in acid conditions.
Microbiological assay results indicate longer half-lives than
those obtained by HPLC and thus suggest that degradation
products may contribute to antimicrobial activity. Formaldehyde
and nitrites are among the decomposition products, but formaldehyde
arises in such low concentrations that its antimicrobial effect is
not likely to be significant. On exposure to light, especially under
alkaline conditions, solutions become yellow or brown-colored but
the degree of discoloration does not directly correlate with loss of
antimicrobial activity.
The bulk material should be stored in a well-closed, nonaluminum
container protected from light, in a cool, dry place.
Несовместимости
Sulfhydryl compounds cause significant reductions in the activity of
bronopol, and cysteine hydrochloride may be used as the
deactivating agent in preservative efficacy tests; lecithin/polysorbate
combinations are unsuitable for this purpose. Bronopol is
incompatible with sodium thiosulfate, with sodium metabisulfite,
and with amine oxide or protein hydrolysate surfactants. Owing to
an incompatibility with aluminum, the use of aluminum in the
packaging of products that contain bronopol should be avoided.
Регуляторный статус
Included in topical pharmaceutical formulations licensed in Europe.
Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal
Ingredients.
Бронопол препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат