Натрия фторид химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Sodium fluoride, NaF, is a binary salt that is a clear, lustrous crystal or white powder. The insecticide grade is frequently dyed blue. It is soluble in water and has a specific gravity of 2.558, which is heavier than water. Sodium fluoride is highly toxic by ingestion and inhalation, and is also strongly irritating to tissue. The TLV is 2.5 mg/m3 of air. The four-digit UN identification number is 1690. The primary uses are fluoridation of municipal water at 1 ppm, as an insecticide, rodenticide, and fungicide, and in toothpastes and disinfectants.
Химические свойства
Sodium fluoride is a white powder or colorless crystals. Often used in a solution. Odorless. Pesticide grade is often dyed blue.
Физические свойства
Colorless cubic or tetragonal crystals; density 2.78 g/cm3; melts at 993°C; vaporizes at 1,695°C; moderately soluble in water 4.22 g/100mL at 18°C; soluble in hydrofluoric acid; insoluble in ethanol.
Подготовка
Sodium fluoride is prepared by adding sodium hydroxide or sodium carbonate to a 40% solution of hydrofluoric acid. In excess hydrofluoric acid, sodium bifluoride, NaHF2 , is formed. NaF also is made by fusion of cryolite with caustic soda. Technical grade products are usually sold at 90 to 95% purity.
Определение
ChEBI: Sodium fluoride is a metal fluoride salt with a Na(+) counterion. It has a role as a mutagen.
Общее описание
Sodium fluoride is a colorless crystalline solid or white powder, or the solid dissolved in a liquid. Sodium fluoride is formed by the reaction of sodium carbonate and hydrofluoric acid. Sodium fluoride is soluble in water. Sodium fluoride is noncombustible. Sodium fluoride is corrosive to aluminum. Sodium fluoride is used as an insecticide. Sodium fluoride is also used to fluorinate water supplies, as a wood preservative, in cleaning compounds, manufacture of glass, and for many other uses.
Опасность
Toxic by ingestion and inhalation, strong
irritant to tissue.
Угроза здоровью
Ingestion may cause vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, convulsions, collapse, thirst, disturbed color vision, acute toxic nephritis.
Пожароопасность
Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.
Воспламеняемость и взрывоопасность
Fluorides are not combustible.
Промышленное использование
Sodium fluoride is a white to yellowish powder, poorly soluble in water. The NaF solubility
in water is 3.85% at 15 °C and 4.21% at 25 °C. Commercially, NaF is obtained by
reacting hydrofluoric acid with sodium hydroxide. This reaction is a by-product during the
production of superphosphates from fluoro-apatite. Sodium fluoride is an important
depressant used exclusively during beneficiation of non-sulfide minerals, as well as the
rare-earth minerals as a depressant alone or in combination with other depressants. It is
used together with starch as co-depressant for rutile and ilmenite during zirconium–
titanium separation or during reverse silicate flotation from rutile and ilmenite with
cationic collectors. Although it is believed that Na2F is a silicate depressant, studies have
shown that it does not depress silicate minerals. In fact, it improves depression of
oxides and silicates when used with other depressants.
Клиническое использование
Sodium fluoride (NaF) promotes the proliferation and activity of osteoblasts and is classified as a nonhormonal
bone-forming agent. Because treatment with NaF induces bone formation, it is essential that this therapy be
coupled with oral calcium supplementation (1,000 mg/day). Additionally, NaF exhibits moderate antiresorptive
activity, because it inhibits osteoclastic activity when it is absorbed into the bone matrix. In the treatment of
osteoporosis, the therapeutic window for this agent is fairly narrow: Doses less than 45 mg/day are
subtherapeutic, and doses in excess of 75 mg/day impair bone mineralization. In addition, the bone that is
formed in the presence of NaF is neither as well mineralized nor as strong as normal bone tissue. In fact, some
Профиль безопасности
Human poison by ingestion. Experimental poison by ingestion, skin contact, intravenous, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intramuscular routes. Human systemic effects: changes in teeth and supporting structures, cyanosis, diarrhea, EKG changes, fluid intake, headache, hypermotihty, increased immune response, muscle weakness, musculo-skeletal changes, nausea or vomiting, paresthesia, ptosis (drooping of the eyelid from sympathetic innervation), respiratory depression, salivary gland changes, tremors. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. A corrosive irritant to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. It is very phytotoxic. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of Fand NazO. Used in chemical cleaning, for fluoridation of drinking water, as a funglcide and insecticide. See also FLUORIDES
Возможный контакт
Widely used in the chemical industry; in water treatment and fluoridation of drinking water; as an insecticide, fungicide, and rodenticide; chemical cleaning; electroplating, glass manufacture; vitreous enamels; preservative for adhesives; toothpastes, disinfectant, dental prophylaxis; also used orally in the treatment of various bone diseases to increase bone density and to relieve bone pain.
Перевозки
UN1690 Sodium fluoride, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Методы очистки
Crystallise NaF from water by partial evaporation in a vacuum desiccator, or dissolve it in water, and precipitate ca half of it by adding EtOH. The precipitate is dried in an air oven at 130o for one day, and then stored in a desiccator over KOH. Its solubility in H2O is 4% at 15o and 4.3% at 25o. [Kwasnik in Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (Ed. Brauer) Academic Press Vol I p 235 1963].
Несовместимости
Contact with acids release toxic gas. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides.
Утилизация отходов
In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
Натрия фторид препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат