P-фенилендиамин химические свойства, назначение, производство
Описание
Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is a colorless compound
oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of
ammonia. It is then polymerized by a coupling agent to
produce a color.
Химические свойства
p-Phenylenediamines are white to slightly red crystalline solids. They have been described as gray “light brown” which may result from exposure to air.
Физические свойства
White, red, or brown crystals. May darken on exposure to air.
Использование
p-Phenylenediamine is used for dyeing hairand fur, in the manufacture of azo dyes, inaccelerating vulcanization of rubber, and inantioxidants.
Определение
ChEBI: A phenylenediamine in which the amino functions are at positions 1 and 4 of the benzene nucleus.
Общее описание
A white to purple crystalline solid (melting point 234 F) that turns purple to black in air. Flash point 309 F. Toxic by skin absorption, inhalation or ingestion. Used for production of aramid fiber, antioxidants, as a laboratory reagent, in photographic developing, and as a dye for hair and furs.
Реакции воздуха и воды
Oxidizes on exposure to air. The finely powdered base if suspended in air poses a significant dust explosion hazard. Soluble in water. Even as a solid will spot downwind areas purple/black (Roger Patrick, DuPont Engineer).
Профиль реактивности
p-Phenylenediamine is the stongest of the weak aromatic bases. p-Phenylenediamine neutralizes acids in weak exothermic reactions to form salts. May be incompatible with isocyanates, halogenated organics, peroxides, phenols (acidic), epoxides, anhydrides, and acid halides. Reacts readily with oxidizing agents .
Пожароопасность
Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.
Контактные аллергены
PPD is a colorless compound oxidized by hydrogen
peroxide in the presence of ammonia. It is then polymerized
to a color by a coupling agent. Although a wellknown
allergen in hair dyes, PPD can be found as a
cause of contact dermatitis in chin rest stains or in milk
testers. It is also a marker of group sensitivity to para
amino compounds such as benzocaine, some azo dyes,
and some previous antibacterial sulphonamides.
Профиль безопасности
Suspected carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by skin contact. A human skin irritant. Mutation data reported. Implicated in aplastic anemia, Can cause fatal liver damage. The p-form is more toxic and a stronger irritant than the 0and misomers. Wen used as a hair dye it caused vertigo, anemia, gastritis, exfoliative dermatitis, and death. Has caused asthma and other respiratory symptoms in the fur-dyeing industry. Combustible when exposed to heat or flame; can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. To fight fire, use water, Con, dry chemical. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes. See also other phenylenediamine entries and AMINES
Возможный контакт
p-Phenylenediamine has been used in dyestuff manufacture, in hair dyes; in photographic developers; in synthetic fibers; polyurethanes, and as a monomer and in the manufacture of improved tire cords. Also used as a gasoline additive and in making antioxidants.
Канцерогенность
A number of dermal carcinogenesis bioassays have been
reported using p-PDA alone in an organic solvent or in
combination with hydrogen peroxide. An 85-week study
in which female Swiss mice were treated with 5% or 10%
p-PDAin acetone, 0.02 mL/animal applied topically, showed
no evidence of carcinogenicity.
p-PDA was not found to be carcinogenic when administered
by diet to male and female F344 rats and B6C3F1 mice
at the dietary doses of 625 or 1250 ppm; the high dose
approximated the maximum tolerated dose. An
IARC Working Group concluded that on the basis of lack
of human data, and inadequate animal data, p-PDA was not
classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. A
recent meta-analysis of 11 case-control studies and one
cohort study of the relationship between p-PDA exposure
through use of personal hair dye and bladder cancer did not
indicate any causal association.
Экологическая судьба
Biological. In activated sludge, 3.8% mineralized to carbon dioxide after 5 d (Freitag et al.,
1985). In activated sludge inoculum, following a 20-d adaptation period, 80.0% COD removal was
achieved (Pitter, 1976).
Photolytic. A carbon dioxide yield of 53.7% was achieved when phenylenediamine (presumably
an isomeric mixture) adsorbed on silica gel was irradiated with light (λ >290 nm) for 17 h (Freitag
et al., 1985).
Chemical/Physical. p-Phenylenediamine will not hydrolyze because it does not contain a
hydrolyzable functional group (Kollig, 1993).
Перевозки
UN1673 Phenylenediamines (o-, m-, p-), Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
Методы очистки
Crystallise the diamine from EtOH or *benzene, and sublime it in vacuo; protect it from light. The acetate has m 304o. [Beilstein 13 IV 104.]
Несовместимости
Dust may form explosive mixture with air. A strong reducing agent. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, acid chlorides; acid anhydrides; chloroformates, and strong bases. Incompatible with organic anhydrides; isocyanates, aldehydes. Heat and light contribute to instability. Keep away from metals.
Утилизация отходов
Controlled incineration whereby oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubber, catalytic or thermal device.
P-фенилендиамин препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат
liquid crystalline heterocyclic polymer
epoxy resin liquid crystal
REACTIVE RED 120
2,3-DIHYDROXYPROPYL METHACRYLATE
polyaniline synthesized by means of condensation polymerization
N, N'-ди-2-нафтил-п-фенилендиамин
4-(Methylsulfonamido)aniline
1,4-фенилен diisothiocyanate
Amoscanate
C. I. Pigment Yellow 173
РеактивныйбриллианткрасныйКЭ-7Б
(4-АМИНО-ФЕНИЛ) -ТИОУРА
2-[(2R)-2-Hydroxy-3-[[4-(3-oxo-4-Morpho linyl)phenyl]aMino]propyl]-1H-isoindole-1 ,3(2H)-dione
4,4 '-Diaminobenzanilide
4,4',4'',4'''-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanetriyl))tetrabenzoic acid
1,4-ФЕНИЛЕНБИС (ТИОМОЧЕВИНА)
REACTIVE RED 120
DISPERSE YELLOW 9
5-[[4-[(2,4-dinitrophenyl)amino]phenyl]azo][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-ol
Кислотно-коричневый 119