부소부틸로니트릴 C화학적 특성, 용도, 생산
화학적 성질
Colorless liquid with a foul odor. Insoluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol and ether.
용도
Isobutyronitrile can be derived from isobutyraldehyde. It is used in organic synthesis, as a catalyst in the polymerization of ethylene and in the petroleum industry as a gasoline additive. Isobutyronitrile is also used to synthesize the intermediate 2-isopropyl-4-methyl-6-hydroxypyrimidine of the organophosphorus insecticide diazinon.
생산 방법
Isobutyronitrile is prepared from isobutyraldehyde by cyanation with ammonia.
생산 방법
Isobutyronitrile is usually obtained by the catalytic gas-phase reaction of isobutyraldehyde or isobutanol with ammonia. Its major use is the synthesis of the insecticide diazinon.
일반 설명
A clear colorless liquid. Flash point 47°F. Less dense than water. Vapors heavier than air. Toxic oxides of nitrogen produced during combustion.
공기와 물의 반응
Highly flammable. Slightly soluble in water.
반응 프로필
Isobutyronitrile is incompatible with the following: Oxidizers, reducing agents, strong acids & bases .
위험도
Toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin
absorption.
건강위험
Isobutyronitrile is considered highly hazardous and full precautions should be taken to prevent skin contact or inhalation of vapor. Inhaled isobutyronitrile is about 2.4 times as toxic as acetonitrile in rats. may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. (Non-Specific -- Nitriles) Primarily, they are skin and eye irritants. Large doses cause collapse and stop breathing. In order to protect workers, the recommended TWA limit is obtained by dividing that for acetonitrile by the factor 2.4. NIOSH has therefore recommended that employee exposure should not exceed 8 p.p.m. (22 mg/m3) for either compound as a TLV-TWA.
화재위험
Vapor may explode if ignited in an enclosed area. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced during combustion. Isobutyronitrile is a flammable/combustible material and may be ignited by heat, sparks, or flames. Vapors may travel to a source of ignition and flash back. Container may explode in heat of fire. Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.
신진 대사
Thiocyanate was present in the urine of rats dosed orally with isobutyronitrile.
Purification Methods
Shake the nitrile with conc HCl (to remove isonitriles), then with water and aqueous NaHCO3. After a preliminary drying with silica gel or Linde type 4A molecular sieves, it is shaken or stirred with CaH2 until hydrogen evolution ceases, then decanted and distilled from P2O5 (not more than 5g/L, to minimize gel formation) or Drierite (b 101-103o/760mm). Finally it is refluxed with, and slowly distilled from CaH2 (5g/L), taking precautions to exclude moisture. [Beilstein 2 H 294, 2 I 129, 2 II 263, 2 III 655, 2 IV 853.]
부소부틸로니트릴 준비 용품 및 원자재
원자재
준비 용품
