Fluorescein Chemische Eigenschaften,Einsatz,Produktion Methoden
R-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
R43:Sensibilisierung durch Hautkontakt möglich.
R36:Reizt die Augen.
R36/37/38:Reizt die Augen, die Atmungsorgane und die Haut.
S-Sätze Betriebsanweisung:
S22:Staub nicht einatmen.
S24/25:Berührung mit den Augen und der Haut vermeiden.
S37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S26:Bei Berührung mit den Augen sofort gründlich mit Wasser abspülen und Arzt konsultieren.
S36/37/39:Bei der Arbeit geeignete Schutzkleidung,Schutzhandschuhe und Schutzbrille/Gesichtsschutz tragen.
S27:Beschmutzte, getränkte Kleidung sofort ausziehen.
Aussehen Eigenschaften
C20H12O5. Braunrotes Pulver.
Gefahren für Mensch und Umwelt
Reizt die Augen und die Haut.
Schutzmaßnahmen und Verhaltensregeln
Schutzhandschuhe als kurzzeitiger Staubschutz.
Verhalten im Gefahrfall
Trocken aufnehmen. Der Entsorgung zuführen. Nachreinigen. Stäube nicht einatmen.
Kohlendioxid, Wasser, Pulver.
Erste Hilfe
Nach Hautkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser abwaschen.
Nach Augenkontakt: Mit reichlich Wasser bei geöffnetem Lidspalt mindestens 10 Minuten ausspülen. Augenarzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Einatmen: Frischluft.
Nach Verschlucken: Reichlich Wasser trinken. Erbrechen auslösen. Arzt hinzuziehen.
Nach Kleidungskontakt: Kontaminierte Kleidung entfernen.
Ersthelfer: siehe gesonderten Anschlag
Sachgerechte Entsorgung
Als feste Laborchemikalienabfälle.
Beschreibung
Fluorescein is a synthetic organic compound available as a dark orange/red powder slightly soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications.
Fluorescein is a fluorophore commonly used in microscopy, in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains, and in dye tracing. Fluorescein has an absorption maximum at 494 nm and emission maximum of 521 nm (in water). The major derivatives are fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and, in oligonucleotide synthesis, 6-FAM phosphoramidite.
Fluorescein also has an isosbestic point (equal absorption for all pH values) at 460 nm. Fluorescein is also known as a color additive (D&C Yellow no. 7). The disodium salt form of fluorescein is known as uranine or D&C Yellow no. 8.
The color of its aqueous solution varies from green to orange as a function of the way it is observed: by reflection or by transmission, as it can be noticed in bubble levels in which fluorescein is added as a colorant to the alcohol filling the tube to increase the visibility of the air bubble and the precision of the instrument. More concentrated solutions of fluorescein can even appear red.
Chemische Eigenschaften
Orange-red, crystalline powder. Very
dilute alkaline solutions exhibit intense greenishyellow fluorescence by reflected light, while the
solution is reddish-orange by transmitted light.soluble in dilute alkalies, boiling alcohol, ether, dilute acids, and
Physikalische Eigenschaften
The fluorescence of this molecule is very intense; peak excitation occurs at 494 nm and peak emission at 521 nm.
Fluorescein has a pKa of 6.4, and its ionization equilibrium leads to pH-dependent absorption and emission over the range of 5 to 9. Also, the fluorescence lifetimes of the protonated and deprotonated forms of fluorescein are approximately 3 and 4 ns, which allows for pH determination from non intensity based measurements. The lifetimes can be recovered using time-correlated single photon counting or phase-modulation fluorimetry.
Verwenden
Fluorescein is used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications including in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains and in dye tracing. It is used to localise multiple muscular ventricular septal defects during open heart surgery and confirm the presence of any residual defects. It is applied to teeth to reveal plaque.
Application
Biochemical research In cellular biology, the isothiocyanate derivative of fluorescein is often used to label and track cells in fluorescence microscopy applications (for example, flow cytometry). Additional biologically active molecules (such as antibodies) may also be attached to fluorescein, allowing biologists to target the fluorophore to specific proteins or structures within cells. This application is common in yeast display.
Health care applications "Fluorescein sodium", the sodium salt of fluorescein, is used extensively as a diagnostic tool in the field of ophthalmology and optometry, where topical fluorescein is used in the diagnosis of corneal abrasions, corneal ulcers and herpetic corneal infections. It is also used in rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting to evaluate the tear layer under the lens.
Uses in river systems In 1966, environmentalists forced a change to a vegetable-based dye to protect local wildlife. Other uses of fluorescein include using it as a water-soluble dye added to rainwater in environmental testing simulations to aid in locating and analyzing any water leaks, and in Australia and New Zealand as a methylated spirit dye.
Oil field application Fluorescein dye solutions, typically 15 % active, are commonly used as an aid to leak detection during hydrostatic testing of sub sea oil and gas pipelines and other subsea infrastructure. Leaks can be detected by divers carrying ultraviolet lights.
Definition
ChEBI: A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.
Allgemeine Beschreibung
Yellow amorphous solid or orange-red crystals. Latter have greenish-yellow fluorescence by reflected light. Insoluble in water. Soluble in dilute aqueous bases. Very dilute alkaline solutions exhibit intense, greenish-yellow fluorescence by reflected light. Low toxicity. May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light.
Air & Water Reaktionen
Insoluble in water.
Reaktivität anzeigen
Fluorescein is incompatible with strong oxidizers. Also incompatible with acids, acid salts and salts of heavy metals. .
Brandgefahr
Flash point data for Fluorescein is not available, but Fluorescein is probably combustible.
Sicherheitsprofil
Poison by intravenous
route. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal
route. Mutation data reported. When heated
to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes. See also FLUORESCEIN SODIUM.
Sicherheit(Safety)
Topical, oral, and intravenous use of fluorescein can cause adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting, hives, acute hypotension, anaphylaxis and related anaphylactoid reaction, causing cardiac arrest and sudden death due to anaphylactic shock.
The most common adverse reaction is nausea, due to a difference in the pH from the body and the pH of the sodium fluorescein dye; a number of other factors , however, are considered contributors as well. The nausea usually is transient and subsides quickly. Hives can range from a minor annoyance to severe, and a single dose of antihistamine may give complete relief. Anaphylactic shock and subsequent cardiac arrest and sudden death are very rare, but because they occur within minutes, a health care provider who uses fluorescein should be prepared to perform emergency resuscitation.
Fluorescein Upstream-Materialien And Downstream Produkte
Upstream-Materialien
Downstream Produkte
Dinatrium-2-(2,4,5,7-tetraiod-6-oxido-3-oxoxanthen-9-yl)benzoat
3',6'-Dichlorspiro(phthalid-3,9'-xanthen)
2',7'-Dibrom-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-on
3',6'-Dihydroxy-5(oder 6)-isothiocyanatospiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-on
3',6'-Dimethoxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-on
EOSIN B
4'-Bromo-3',6'-dihydroxyspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one
3',6'-Bis{[4-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)oxy]-3H-[spiro(isobenzofuran-1,9,-xanthen]-3-one} FBBBE
FLUORESCEIN DIBUTYRATE
2-(3,7-DIHYDROXY-DIBENZO[B,F][1,4]OXAZEPIN-11-YL)-BENZOIC ACID
3',6'-Dihydroxy-4',5'-diiodspiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-on
