フルオレセイン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
黄赤色～赤褐色、粉末
定義
本品は、平成15年厚労省令第126号に示される黄色201号である。
溶解性
希アンモニア水に可溶
解説
フルオレセイン，黄赤色の粉末．融点314～316 ℃．水に不溶，エタノールに微溶．アルカリ性水溶液に溶けて黄赤色を呈し，強い黄緑色の蛍光を発する．二ナトリウム塩はウラニン(uranin)またはウラニンイエロー(I.C.Acid Yellow 73)とよばれる．吸収極大510 nm，蛍光極大510 nm．染料，顔料，およびその中間体．印刷インキに用いられるほか，蛍光を利用し，地中水路の探索，生化学反応の追跡，医療(内科，外科，眼科)上の検査などにプローブとして広く利用される．ナトリウム塩はLD50 6721 mg/kg(ラット，経口)．
森北出版「化学辞典（第2版）
用途
蛍光造影作用を有しています。
用途
蛍光造影作用を有しています
用途
蛍光染料。pHプローブ、光学的なpHセンサー。
製造
レソルシノール 2モル量と無水フタル酸1モル量とを塩化亜鉛の存在下，210 ℃ に加熱縮合して合成するフルオレセイン．
化粧品の成分用途
着色剤
効能
診断補助薬 (角膜外傷指標)
説明
Fluorescein is a synthetic organic compound available as a dark orange/red powder slightly soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications.
Fluorescein is a fluorophore commonly used in microscopy, in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains, and in dye tracing. Fluorescein has an absorption maximum at 494 nm and emission maximum of 521 nm (in water). The major derivatives are fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and, in oligonucleotide synthesis, 6-FAM phosphoramidite.
Fluorescein also has an isosbestic point (equal absorption for all pH values) at 460 nm. Fluorescein is also known as a color additive (D&C Yellow no. 7). The disodium salt form of fluorescein is known as uranine or D&C Yellow no. 8.
The color of its aqueous solution varies from green to orange as a function of the way it is observed: by reflection or by transmission, as it can be noticed in bubble levels in which fluorescein is added as a colorant to the alcohol filling the tube to increase the visibility of the air bubble and the precision of the instrument. More concentrated solutions of fluorescein can even appear red.
化学的特性
Orange-red, crystalline powder. Very
dilute alkaline solutions exhibit intense greenishyellow fluorescence by reflected light, while the
solution is reddish-orange by transmitted light.soluble in dilute alkalies, boiling alcohol, ether, dilute acids, and
物理的性質
The fluorescence of this molecule is very intense; peak excitation occurs at 494 nm and peak emission at 521 nm.
Fluorescein has a pKa of 6.4, and its ionization equilibrium leads to pH-dependent absorption and emission over the range of 5 to 9. Also, the fluorescence lifetimes of the protonated and deprotonated forms of fluorescein are approximately 3 and 4 ns, which allows for pH determination from non intensity based measurements. The lifetimes can be recovered using time-correlated single photon counting or phase-modulation fluorimetry.
使用
Fluorescein is used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications including in a type of dye laser as the gain medium, in forensics and serology to detect latent blood stains and in dye tracing. It is used to localise multiple muscular ventricular septal defects during open heart surgery and confirm the presence of any residual defects. It is applied to teeth to reveal plaque.
主な応用
Biochemical research In cellular biology, the isothiocyanate derivative of fluorescein is often used to label and track cells in fluorescence microscopy applications (for example, flow cytometry). Additional biologically active molecules (such as antibodies) may also be attached to fluorescein, allowing biologists to target the fluorophore to specific proteins or structures within cells. This application is common in yeast display.
Health care applications "Fluorescein sodium", the sodium salt of fluorescein, is used extensively as a diagnostic tool in the field of ophthalmology and optometry, where topical fluorescein is used in the diagnosis of corneal abrasions, corneal ulcers and herpetic corneal infections. It is also used in rigid gas permeable contact lens fitting to evaluate the tear layer under the lens.
Uses in river systems In 1966, environmentalists forced a change to a vegetable-based dye to protect local wildlife. Other uses of fluorescein include using it as a water-soluble dye added to rainwater in environmental testing simulations to aid in locating and analyzing any water leaks, and in Australia and New Zealand as a methylated spirit dye.
Oil field application Fluorescein dye solutions, typically 15 % active, are commonly used as an aid to leak detection during hydrostatic testing of sub sea oil and gas pipelines and other subsea infrastructure. Leaks can be detected by divers carrying ultraviolet lights.
定義
ChEBI: A xanthene dye that is highly fluorescent, detectable even when present in minute quantities. Used forensically to detect traces of blood, in analytical chemistry as an indicator in silver nitrate titrations and in microscopy.
一般的な説明
Yellow amorphous solid or orange-red crystals. Latter have greenish-yellow fluorescence by reflected light. Insoluble in water. Soluble in dilute aqueous bases. Very dilute alkaline solutions exhibit intense, greenish-yellow fluorescence by reflected light. Low toxicity. May be sensitive to prolonged exposure to light.
空気と水の反応
Insoluble in water.
反応プロフィール
Fluorescein is incompatible with strong oxidizers. Also incompatible with acids, acid salts and salts of heavy metals. .
火災危険
Flash point data for Fluorescein is not available, but Fluorescein is probably combustible.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by intravenous
route. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal
route. Mutation data reported. When heated
to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and
irritating fumes. See also FLUORESCEIN SODIUM.
安全性
Topical, oral, and intravenous use of fluorescein can cause adverse reactions, including nausea, vomiting, hives, acute hypotension, anaphylaxis and related anaphylactoid reaction, causing cardiac arrest and sudden death due to anaphylactic shock.
The most common adverse reaction is nausea, due to a difference in the pH from the body and the pH of the sodium fluorescein dye; a number of other factors , however, are considered contributors as well. The nausea usually is transient and subsides quickly. Hives can range from a minor annoyance to severe, and a single dose of antihistamine may give complete relief. Anaphylactic shock and subsequent cardiac arrest and sudden death are very rare, but because they occur within minutes, a health care provider who uses fluorescein should be prepared to perform emergency resuscitation.
フルオレセイン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品
エリスロシン B
フルオレセイン クロリド
2',7'-ジブロモ-3',6'-ジヒドロキシスピロ[イソベンゾフラン-1(3H),9'-[9H]キサンテン]-3-オン
フルオレセインイソチオシアナート (5-, 6-異性体混合物)
3',6'-ジメトキシフルオラン
エオシンB
4'-ブロモ-3',6'-ジヒドロキシスピロ[イソベンゾフラン-1(3H),9'-[9H]キサンテン]-3-オン
3',6'-ビス{[4-(4,4,5,5-テトラメチル-1,3,2-ジオキサボロラン-2-イル)オキシ]-3H-[スピロ(イソベンゾフラン-1,9,-キサンテン]-3-オン} FBBBEFBBBE
二ブタン酸3-オキソスピロ[イソベンゾフラン-1(3H),9'-[9H]キサンテン]-3',6'-ジイル
2-(3,7-DIHYDROXY-DIBENZO[B,F][1,4]OXAZEPIN-11-YL)-BENZOIC ACID
3,6-ジヒドロキシ-4,5-ジヨードスピロ[9H-キサンテン-9,1'(3'H)-イソベンゾフラン]-3'-オン