Nickel
- CAS No.
- 7440-02-0
- Chemical Name:
- Nickel
- Synonyms
- Ni;raney ni;Raney nickel;SILVER(I) NITRATE;Nickel powder;Nickel 270;Nickel, p.a.;Raney nickel catalysts;NP 2;(1WT%)
- CBNumber:
- CB4854179
- Molecular Formula:
- Ni
- Molecular Weight:
- 58.69
- MOL File:
- 7440-02-0.mol
- MSDS File:
- SDS
- Modify Date:
- 2024/5/30 16:33:02
| Melting point | 1453 °C (lit.) |
|---|---|
| Boiling point | 2732 °C (lit.) |
| Density | 8.9 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.) |
| vapor density | 5.8 (vs air) |
| storage temp. | no restrictions. |
| solubility | insoluble in H2O; slightly soluble in dilute acid solutions |
| form | wire |
| Specific Gravity | 8.9 |
| color | White to gray-white |
| PH | 8.5-12.0 |
| Odor | Odorless |
| PH Range | 9 - 11 at 20 °C |
| Resistivity | 6.97 μΩ-cm, 20°C |
| Water Solubility | It is insoluble in water. |
| Sensitive | air sensitive |
| Merck | 14,8107 |
| Exposure limits | TLA-TWA (metal) 1 mg/m3 (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); (soluble inorganic compounds) 0.1 mg(Ni)/m3 (ACGIH) 0.015 mg (Ni)/m3 (NIOSH); (insoluble inorganic compounds) 1 mg/m3 (ACGIH). |
| Stability | Stable in massive form. Powder is pyrophoric - can ignite spontaneously. May react violently with titanium, ammonium nitrate, potassium perchlorate, hydrazoic acid. Incompatible with acids, oxidizing agents, sulfur. |
| InChIKey | PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
| CAS DataBase Reference | 7440-02-0(CAS DataBase Reference) |
| IARC | 2B (Vol. Sup 7, 49) 1990 |
| NIST Chemistry Reference | Nickel(7440-02-0) |
| EPA Substance Registry System | Nickel (7440-02-0) |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 207 GPa |
|---|---|
| Poissons Ratio | 0.31 |
| Shear Modulus | 76.0 GPa |
SAFETY
Risk and Safety Statements
| Symbol(GHS) |   GHS07,GHS08 |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Signal word | Danger | |||||||||
| Hazard statements | H317-H351-H372 | |||||||||
| Precautionary statements | P201-P202-P260-P280-P302+P352-P308+P313 | |||||||||
| Hazard Codes | C,Xi,Xn,F,T | |||||||||
| Risk Statements | 34-50/53-43-40-10-17-52/53-48/23 | |||||||||
| Safety Statements | 26-45-60-61-36-22-36/37-16-15-5-36/37/39-43-28 | |||||||||
| OEB | D | |||||||||
| OEL | TWA: 0.015 mg/m3 [*Note: The REL does not apply to Nickel carbonyl.] | |||||||||
| RIDADR | UN 1493 5.1/PG 2 | |||||||||
| WGK Germany | 3 | |||||||||
| RTECS | VW4725000 | |||||||||
| F | 8 | |||||||||
| Autoignition Temperature | 87 °C | |||||||||
| TSCA | Yes | |||||||||
| HazardClass | 4.1 | |||||||||
| PackingGroup | II | |||||||||
| HS Code | 38151100 | |||||||||
| Toxicity | Occupational exposures may occur in its mining, smelting, and refining. The general population ingests nickel in food. Skin sensitization and dermatitis leading to chronic eczema, called “nickel itch,” frequently occurs, especially in wearers of pierced earrings. Nickel can also irritate the conjunctiva and respiratory tract mucous membranes. Absorption from the digestive tract is poor, so systemic poisoning is rare, but since it is an irritant it acts as an emetic. Systemic effects include hyperglycemia, capillary damage, CNS depression, myocardial weakness, and kidney damage. Nickel and its compounds are carcinogenic following inhalation, but not following ingestion or skin contact. Cancer of the lung and nasal passages results, with a latent period of about 25 years; smokers are at greater risk. In addition to irritation and carcinogenesis, nickel carbonyl (nickel tetracarbonyl, Ni(CO)4) exerts relatively mild, tran_x0002_sientinitial symptoms including headache, giddiness, nausea, and shortness of breath. These symptoms are followed by very serious symptoms hours to days later, consisting of tightness in the chest, shortness of breath, rapid respiration, pulmonary edema, cyanosis, and extreme weakness; this can be fatal. Heat decomposition of nickel carbonyl yields carbon monoxide. Chelating agents can be used to remove nickel from the body. | |||||||||
| IDLA | 10 mg Ni/m3 | |||||||||
| NFPA 704 |
|
Nickel price More Price(233)
| Manufacturer | Product number | Product description | CAS number | Packaging | Price | Updated | Buy |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 767484 | Nickel sputtering target, diam. × thickness 2.00?in. × 0.25?in., 99.95% trace metals basis | 7440-02-0 | 1EA | ₹21730 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 577995 | Nickel nanopowder, <100?nm avg. part. size, ≥99% trace metals basis | 7440-02-0 | 5G | ₹4240 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 357634 | Nickel wire, diam. 0.25?mm, ≥99.9% | 7440-02-0 | 2.2G | ₹6489 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 357634 | Nickel wire, diam. 0.25?mm, ≥99.9% | 7440-02-0 | 1EA | ₹11060 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
| Sigma-Aldrich(India) | 357626 | Nickel wire, diam. 0.5?mm, ≥99.9% trace metals basis | 7440-02-0 | 5M | ₹7510 | 2022-06-14 | Buy |
Nickel Chemical Properties,Uses,Production
Chemical Properties
RANEY NICKEL is a hard, ductile, magnetic metal with a silver-white color.
Physical properties
Nickel metal does not exist freely in nature. Rather, it is located as compounds in ores ofvarying colors, ranging from reddish-brown rocks to greenish and yellowish deposits, andin copper ores. Once refined from its ore, the metallic nickel is a silver-white and hard butmalleable and ductile metal that can be worked hot or cold to fabricate many items. Nickel,located in group 10, and its close neighbor, copper, just to its right in group 11 of the periodictable, have two major differences. Nickel is a poor conductor of electricity, and copper is anexcellent conductor, and although copper is not magnetic, nickel is. Nickel’s melting point is1,455°C, its boiling point is 2,913°C, and its density is 8.912 g/cm3.
Isotopes
There are 31 isotopes of nickel, ranging from Ni-48 to Ni-78. Five of these arestable, and the percentage of their contribution to the element’s natural existence onEarth are as follows: Ni-58 = 68.077%, Ni-60 = 26.223%, Ni-61 = 1.140%, Ni-62 =3.634%, and Ni 64 = 0.926%. All of the other 26 isotopes of nickel are artificially madeand radioactive with half-lives ranging from a few nanoseconds to 7.6×104 years.
Origin of Name
The name is derived from the ore niccolite, meaning “Old Nick,” referred to as the devil by German miners. The niccolite mineral ore was also called “kupfernickel,” which in German stands for two things; first, it is the name of a gnome (similar to Cobalt), and second, it refers to “Old Nick’s false copper.”
Occurrence
Nickel is the 23rd most abundant element found in the Earth’s crust. It is somewhat plentiful but scattered and makes up one-hundredth of 1% of igneous rocks. Nickel metal is foundin meteorites (as are some other elements). It is believed that molten nickel, along with iron,makes up the central sphere that forms the core of the Earth.There are several types of nickel ores. One is the major ore for nickel called pentlandite(NiS ? 2FeS), which is iron/nickel sulfide. Another is a mineral called niccolite (NiAs), discovered in 1751 and first found in a mining area of Sweden. By far, the largest mining area fornickel is located in Ontario, Canada, where it is recovered from what is thought to be a verylarge meteorite that crashed into the Earth eons ago. This large nickel deposit is one reasonfor the theory of the Earth’s core being molten nickel and iron, given that both the Earth andmeteorites were formed during the early stages of the solar system. Some nickel ores are alsofound in Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Scandinavia. Traces of nickel exist in soils, coal,plants, and animals.
Characteristics
As mentioned, nickel is located in group 10 (VIII) and is the third element in the specialtriad (Fe, Co, Ni) of the first series of the transition elements. Nickel’s chemical and physicalproperties, particularly its magnetic peculiarity, are similar to iron and cobalt.Some acids will attack nickel, but it offers excellent protection from corrosion from air andseawater. This quality makes it excellent for electroplating other metals to form a protectivecoating. Nickel is also an excellent alloy metal, particularly with iron, for making stainless steelas well as a protective armor for military vehicles. It is malleable and can be drawn throughdies to form wires. About one pound of nickel metal can be drawn to about 200 miles of thinwire.
Uses
Nickel-plating; for various alloys such as new silver, Chinese silver, German silver; for coins, electrotypes, storage batteries; magnets, lightning-rod tips, electrical contacts and electrodes, spark plugs, machinery parts; catalyst for hydrogenation of oils and other organic substances. See also Raney nickel. manufacture of Monel metal, stainless steels, heat resistant steels, heat and corrosion resistant alloys, nickel-chrome resistance wire; in alloys for electronic and space applications.
Preparation
The carbonyl process is most commonly employed when very pure nickel is required.
The impure metal is reacted with pure carbon monoxide at 50° and the carbonyl produced
fractionated several times prior to pyrolysis at around 200°. The nickel thus obtained
has a purity of 99.90-99.99% depending upon the materials used.
Electrolytic methods for producing high purity nickel depend upon the production of high purity nickel salts. The nickel obtained by the electrolysis of pure nickel chloride solution with inert platinum-iridium anodes is 99.99% pure.
Production Methods
Nickel is obtained by processing sulfide and laterite ore
concentrates using pyrometallurgic and hydrometallurgic
processes. The resultant nickel matte obtained by roasting
and smelting is subjected to further cleaning by electro-,
vapo-, and hydrometallurgic refining methods. Some portion
of the matte is roasted to obtain commercial nickel oxide
agglomerate. Pure, 99.9% nickel can be obtained by electrolytic
refining process.
The most pure, 99.97%, nickel is obtained by vapometallurgy.
In this process, known also as the Mond method,nickel and copper sulfide blend is converted to oxides and
then reduced by heating with water gas at 350–400°C. The
resultant active form of nickel is treated with carbon monoxide
to give volatile nickel carbonyl [Ni(CO)4]. The latter
reaction is reversible; heating results in pure nickel and
carbon monoxide.
Definition
ChEBI: Chemical element (nickel group element atom) with atomic number 28.
General Description
Nickel catalyst, is extremely fine powdered nickel. Nickel is grayish colored. Insoluble in water. Nickel catalyst is used to promote the chemical action in manufacturing synthetics and to process vegetable oil and petroleum. If exposed to air or moisture, Nickel may become hot enough to ignite. Nickel is insoluble in water and does not react with larger volumes of water.
Air & Water Reactions
Pyrophoric, Ignites spontaneously in the presence of air; during storage, H2 escapes with fire and explosion hazards; reacts violently with acids forming H2. [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 807].
Reactivity Profile
Metals, such as METAL CATALYST, are reducing agents and tend to react with oxidizing agents. Their reactivity is strongly influenced by their state of subdivision: in bulk they often resist chemical combination; in powdered form they may react very rapidly. Thus, as a bulk metal Nickel is somewhat unreactive, but finely divided material may be pyrophoric. The metal reacts exothermically with compounds having active hydrogen atoms (such as acids and water) to form flammable hydrogen gas and caustic products. The reactions are less vigorous than the similar reactions of alkali metals, but the released heat can still ignite the released hydrogen. Materials in this group may react with azo/diazo compounds to form explosive products. These metals and the products of their corrosion by air and water can catalyze polymerization reactions in several classes of organic compounds; these polymerizations sometimes proceed rapidly or even explosively. Some metals in this group form explosive products with halogenated hydrocarbons. Can react explosively with oxidizing materials.
Hazard
Nickel dust and powder are flammable. Most nickel compounds, particularly the salts, aretoxic. NiSO4 is a known carcinogen.
Although nickel is not easily absorbed in the digestive system, it can cause toxic reactionsand is a confirmed carcinogen in high concentration in the body. Nickel workers can receivesevere skin rashes and lung cancer from exposure to nickel dust and vapors.
Nickel is stored in the brain, spinal cord, lungs, and heart. It can cause coughs, shortnessof breath, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and general weakness.
Fire Hazard
Flammable/combustible material. May ignite on contact with moist air or moisture. May burn rapidly with flare-burning effect. Some react vigorously or explosively on contact with water. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May re-ignite after fire is extinguished. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated.
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and tumorigenic data. Poison by ingestion, intratracheal, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, and intravenous routes. An experimental teratogen. Ingestion of soluble salts causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Mutation data reported. Hypersensitivity to nickel is common and can cause allergic contact dermatitis, pulmonary asthma, conjunctivitis, and inflammatory reactions around nickel-containing medcal implants and prostheses. Powders may ignite spontaneously in air. Reacts violently with F2, NH4NO3, hydrazine, NH3, (H2 + dioxane), performic acid, P, Se, S, (Ti + KCLO3). Incompatible with oxidants (e.g., bromine pentafluoride, peroxyformic acid, potassium perchlorate, chlorine, nitryl fluoride, ammonium nitrate), Raney-nickel catalysts may initiate hazardous reactions with ethylene + aluminum chloride, pdioxane, hydrogen, hydrogen + oxygen, magnesium silicate, methanol, organic solvents + heat, sulfur compounds. Nickel catalysts have caused many industrial accidents.
Carcinogenicity
Metallic nickel is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogenbased on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
Shipping
UN3089 Metal powders, flammable, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 4.1; Labels: 4.1-Flammable solid. UN3077 Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s., Hazard Class: 9; Labels: 9-Miscellaneous hazardous material, Technical Name Required.
Incompatibilities
Nickel dust is a spontaneously flammable solid and a dangerous fire hazard.
Waste Disposal
Nickel compoundsencapsulation followed by disposal in a chemical waste landfill. However, nickel from various industrial wastes may also be recovered and recycled as described in the literature.
Nickel Preparation Products And Raw materials
Raw materials
Preparation Products
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| Vardhaman P Golechha | 58 |
| R SCIENTIFIC | 58 |
| SNECOFRi Pvt Ltd | 58 |
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| ANJI BIOSCIENCES | 58 |
| Dhara Industries | 58 |
| Himalaya Industries | 58 |
| Gorwara Chemical Industries | 58 |
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