セボフルラン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色澄明の液体
用途
中枢神経系に作用して麻酔作
用を示す化合物です。麻酔の導入及び覚醒が
速く、また、生体での代謝が少なくほとんど
呼気中に排泄され肝臓などへの毒性もないた
め、実験動物の麻酔に使用されています。
イソフルランと比較して即効性に優れている
とされています。
効能
吸入麻酔薬
商品名
セボフレン (丸石製薬)
説明
Sevoflurane is a rapidly acting, potent inhalation anesthetic with rapid uptake and
and elimination. While somewhat less potent than halothane, sevoflurane does not
induce arrhythmias and reportedly has no effect on renal function.
化学的特性
Clear, colourless, volatile liquid.
定義
ChEBI: An ether compound having fluoromethyl and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl as the two alkyl groups.
生物学の機能
Sevoflurane (Ultane) is the most recently introduced inhalation
anesthetic. It has low tissue and blood solubility,
which allows for rapid induction and emergence and
makes it useful for outpatient and ambulatory procedures.
It has the advantage of not being pungent, a characteristic
that permits a smooth inhalation induction,
and is particularly useful in pediatric anesthesia.
Hypotension is produced by sevoflurane as systemic
vasodilation occurs and cardiac output decreases. Since
it does not directly produce tachycardia, it is a useful alternative
to consider in patients with myocardial ischemia.
However, a concern for reflex-induced tachycardia
remains.
Sevoflurane undergoes hepatic biotransformation
(about 3% of the inhaled dose), and it is somewhat degraded
by conventional CO
2 absorbents. The degradation
product from the absorbent has been reported to
be nephrotoxic, although the report is controversial and
not substantiated by more recent studies. Sevoflurane’s
actions on skeletal muscle and on vascular regulation
within the CNS are similar to those described for the
other halogenated hydrocarbon anesthetics.
一般的な説明
Sevoflurane is a volatile, nonpungent, nonflammable, andnonexplosive liquid with a boiling point of 58.6°C. Theblood:gas partition coefficient is 0.65, the oil:gas partitioncoefficient is 50, and the MAC is 2.1%. Sevoflurane reactswith desiccated carbon dioxide adsorbents, to produce compounds(A and B) with known toxicity . The typeof CO
2 absorbent used, the temperature of the absorbent,and the duration of exposure can influence the degree towhich sevoflurane breaks down. The major breakdownproduct, compound A, pentafluoroisopropenyl fluoromethylether, (PIFE, C
4H
2F
6O) has been studied extensively.Compound A is nephrotoxic in rats and nonhuman primatesand remains a theoretical risk to humans. As discussedpreviously under the stability of inhaled anesthetics,sevoflurane breakdown by CO
2 absorbents generates heatand has resulted in sporadic operating room fires.
臨床応用
Sevoflurane has been shown to cause epileptic changeson EEGs and case reports of seizures during surgery, especiallyin children, have been reported.
セボフルラン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品