二次亜塩素酸カルシウム 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
白色～灰白色, 粒状
溶解性
水, エタノールに一部可溶。水及びエタノールに一部溶ける。
解説
さらし粉，サラシコ，カルキ，クロル石灰，クロルカルキともいう．湿った消石灰に乾燥塩素ガスを低い温度で十分吸収させると得られる漂白剤．塩素の入っている鉛室の上から消石灰を振りまいて吸収させるか，床上に静置して塩素を通じるかして連続的に製造する．反応式は，
Cl2 ＋ H2O ⇌ HCl ＋ HClO
2HCl ＋ Ca(OH)2 → CaCl2 ＋ 2H2O
2HClO ＋ Ca(OH)2 → Ca(ClO)2 ＋ 2H2O
したがって，さらし粉はCaCl2と次亜塩素酸カルシウムとの複塩CaCl2·Ca(ClO)2·2H2Oと，未反応のCa(OH)2(約30％)との白色の混合物である．市販品の有効塩素量は33～38％(理論有効塩素量48.96％)である．さらし粉は水溶液中で，
Ca(ClO)2·CaCl2 → 2Ca2＋ ＋ 2Cl－ ＋ 2ClO－
のように電離し，この次亜塩素酸イオンは
ClO－ → Cl－ ＋ (O)
により発生期の酸素を出し，細菌や色素を酸化し，さらし粉の殺菌，漂白作用を呈する．安価なので繊維工業の漂白剤，消毒剤に広く用いられる．
用途
漂白剤、殺菌剤、排水のCOD, BOD, CNの除去剤、有機合成原料(塩素化合物)。
用途
殺藻剤、殺菌剤、脱臭剤、ショ糖精製工程、酸化剤、脱色剤
効能
殺菌消毒薬
使用上の注意
本品は危険性を少なくするため、粒状にしてありますが、それでも開栓時は保護眼鏡ををかけ、ゆっくりと静かに行って下さい。保存状況によっては内圧がかかっており、内容物が噴き出すことがあります。容器をむやみにに振動を与えたり、振り混ぜないで下さい。分解により、内圧がかかり、内容物が噴き出すことがあります。塩酸等の強酸と混合しないで下さい。塩素が発生して危険です。
説明
Calcium hypochlorite, is an oxysalt; it is a crystalline solid and an oxidizer that decomposes at 212°F (100°C). Calcium hypochlorite is a dangerous fire risk in contact with organic materials. It is also a common swimming pool chlorinator and decomposes in contact with water, releasing chlorine into the water. If a container of calcium hypochlorite becomes wet in storage, the result can be an exothermic reaction. If combustible materials are present, a fire may occur. The chlorine in the compound will be released by contact with the water and will then accelerate the combustion process. The four-digit UN identification number for dry mixtures with not less than 39% available chlorine (8.8% oxygen) is 1748; hydrated with not less than 5.5% and not more than 10% water, the number is 2880; mixtures that are dry, with not less than 10% but not more than 39% available chlorine, are numbered as 2208. The NFPA 704 designation for calcium hypochlorite is health 3, flammability 0, and reactivity 1. The white section at the bottom of the diamond has the prefix “oxy,” indicating an oxidizer. The primary uses are as a bleaching agent, a swimming pool disinfectant, a fungicide, in potable-water purification, and as a deodorant.
化学的特性
Calcium hypochlorite, Ca(OCl)2.4H20, also known as calcium oxychloride, chlorinated lime, and bleach, is a deliquescent white powder used as a bleaching agent in the textile and pulp industries and as a disinfectant. It contains 60 to 65% available chlorine,
物理的性質
White crystalline solid; density 2.35 g/cm
3; decomposes when heated to 100°C; soluble in water and alcohol (with decomposition).
使用
Bleaching powder is actually a mixture of calcium
hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)2) and the basic chloride CaCl2,
H2O with some slaked lime, Ca(OH)2. The product is
generally called “bleaching powder”. It consists of
a mixture of calcium chloride (CaCl2), calcium hypochlorite
(Ca(OCl)2), and calcium chloride hypochlorite
(CaCl(OCl)). Ca(ClO)2 is used in industrial wastewater treatment,
sanitation and cleaning, epidemic prevention and
household sanitation facilities, as well as for disinfection
and sterilization of swimming pools, drinking water,
cleaning vegetables, and sanitizing fishponds.
Calcium hypochlorite has
been used for bleaching of cotton, hemp, fiber, pulp
and starch, disinfection of surfaces, and as a sterilant
for water treatment. It has also been proposed as a solid
fire extinguisher.
製造方法
Calcium hypochlorite is manufactured by two main processes, the socalled
“calcium process” and the “sodium process”.
These are essentially the same as described for the
Mg(ClO)2 salt method given above except that a sodium
hypochlorite salt is used in one case and a calcium chloride
salt in the other. The products are nearly the same. Calcium hypochlorite
is manufactured by the calcium process:
2Ca(OH)2＋2Cl2→Ca(ClO)2＋CaCl2＋2H2O
In another method developed for the manufacture of
Ca(ClO)2, chlorine gas is reacted with calcium
hydroxide:
Ca(OH)2＋ 2Cl2→Ca(ClO)2＋ 2HCl
In this method, it is claimed that the excess HCl is
neutralized by excess Ca(OH)2 to form CaCl2. The
product is said to be more “neutral” chemically and
more stable than that produced by other methods.
定義
A white solid that
can be regarded as a mixture of calcium
chlorate(I) (calcium hypochlorite), calcium
chloride, and calcium hydroxide. It is prepared
on a large scale by passing a current
of chlorine through a tilted cylinder down
which is passed calcium hydroxide. Bleaching
powder has been used for bleaching
paper pulps and fabrics and for sterilizing
water. Its bleaching power arises from the
formation, in the presence of air containing
carbon dioxide, of the oxidizing agent
chloric(I) acid (hypochlorous acid, HClO):
Ca(ClO)
2.Ca(OH)
2.CaCl
2 + 2CO
2 →
2CaCO
3 + CaCl
2 + 2HClO.
反応性
As strong oxidant, calcium
hypochlorite may react with vigor in combination with
carbon compounds, and combination with finely
divided carbon particles forms an explosive mixture.
Reaction with acetylene leads to creation of explosive
chloroacetylenes. Contact with organic matter, oil,
hydrocarbons and alcohols such as methanol or ethanol may cause a violent explosion. Reaction with
nitromethane causes a delayed violent reaction.
Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfides react by
self-ignition and explosion. Iron oxide in metal
containers catalyze oxygen-evolving decomposition of
the oxidant.
一般的な説明
Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated is a white granular solid or tablets compressed from the granules having an odor of chlorine. Calcium hypochlorite is noncombustible, but Calcium hypochlorite will accelerate the burning of combustible materials. Calcium hypochlorite is decomposed by water with evolution of chlorine gas and heat. Prolonged exposure to fire or heat may result in the vigorous decomposition of the material and rupture of the container. Material containing less than 39% available chlorine may undergo reactions as described above though Calcium hypochlorite may take longer to initiate, and the resulting reactions may not be as vigorous. Calcium hypochlorite is used for water purification, disinfectant for swimming pools, for bleaching paper and textiles, and for many other uses.
反応プロフィール
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE is a powerful oxidizing agent, particularly in the presence of water or at higher temperature as Calcium hypochlorite decomposes to release oxygen and chlorine gases. As strong oxidant Calcium hypochlorite may react with vigor in combination with carbon, especially finely divided is explosive; acetylene, leads to creation of explosive chloroacetylenes; organic matter, oil, hydrocarbons; alcohols may cause explosion, methanol, ethanol, etc.; nitromethane caused delayed violent reaction; organic sulfur compounds, sulfides tend toward ignition and sometimes explosion; with iron oxide in metal containers catalyze oxygen evolving decomposition of the oxidant. Calcium hypochlorite forms highly explosive NCl3 on contact with urea. Produces highly toxic gaseous chlorine gas when heated or on contact with acids [Sax, 9th ed., 1996, p. 1905]. Mixture of damp sulfur with hypochlorite caused a violent reaction, that ejected molten sulfur, Chem Eng. News, 1965, 46(29), 6.
危険性
Dangerous fire risk in contact with organic
materials.
健康ハザード
Inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors or substance may cause severe injury, burns or death. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution.
火災危険
These substances will accelerate burning when involved in a fire. Some may decompose explosively when heated or involved in a fire. May explode from heat or contamination. Some will react explosively with hydrocarbons (fuels). May ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may create fire or explosion hazard.
工業用途
Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)
2 can be found in swimming pool disinfectants,
in bleaching agents, in deodorants and in fungicides.
輸送方法
UN1748 Calcium hypochlorite, dry or Calcium
hypochlorite mixtures dry with .39% available chlorine
(8.8% available oxygen), Hazard Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-
Oxidizer. UN2208 Calcium hypochlorite mixtures, dry,
with .10% but not .39% available chlorine, Hazard
Class: 5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer. UN2880 Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated or Calcium hypochlorite, hydrated mixtures, with not ,5.5% but not .16% water, Hazard Class:
5.1; Labels: 5.1-Oxidizer
不和合性
A powerful oxidizer. Decomposes in
heat or sunlight; becomes explosive above 100C/212F.
Incompatible with strong acids; water and other forms of
moisture, reducing agents; combustible materials; all other
chemicals, especially acetylene, aniline and all other
amines, anthracene, carbon tetrachloride, iron oxide, manganese oxide, mercaptans, diethylene glycol monomethyl
ether, nitromethane, organic matter; organic sulfides, phenol, 1-propanethiol, propyl mercaptan, sulfur, turpentine,
organic sulfur compounds. Attacks various metals, releasing flammable hydrogen gas.
廃棄物の処理
Dissolve the material in water
and add to a large volume of concentrated reducing agent
solution, then acidify the mixture with H2SO4. When reduction is complete, soda ash is added to make the solution
alkaline. The alkaline liquid is decanted from any sludge
produced, neutralized, and diluted before discharge to a
sewer or stream. The sludge is landfilled
二次亜塩素酸カルシウム 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品