ジイソシアン酸トリレン 化学特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
無色～うすい黄色透明液体
溶解性
水, エタノールと激しく反応, エーテルに易溶。アセトンに溶ける。エタノールと反応してジウレタンを生じ、水には分解する。
用途
本物質の主な用途は、ポリウレタン原料(軟質フォーム、硬質フォーム、塗料、接着剤、繊維処理剤、ゴムなど)である。
TDIの主な用途先を見ると日本では85%、中国では80%が軟質ウレタンフォーム（軟質PUF）であり、世界全体でも85%を軟質PUFが占めます。軟質PUFはソファーやベッドなどの寝具類や座席用のクッションとして使われているため、日常生活では必ずTDI由来の素材を使った製品に触れることになります。用途をさらに分類すると、中国や世界全体では車両用軟質PUFのシェアが10～15%程度しかありませんが、自動車産業を主とする日本では同製品向けが60%を占めます。
ちなみに軟質PUFの主原料はポリオール、イソシアネート、発泡剤、触媒です。触媒によって促進されるポリオールとイソシアネートの効果反応中に発泡させることで、空間を含むスポンジ状の硬化物ができ、これが軟質PUFとなります。使われるイソシアネートとしてはTDI以外にもMDIなどがあります。
合成法
イソシアネート類のほとんどはアミンとホスゲンの反応によって合成されますが、TDIの場合はアミンとしてトルエンジアミン(TDA)が使われます。合成に使われるホスゲンは脱ガス化によってTDIから除去されるため、ホスゲンによる危険性はほぼありません。TDAもホスゲンも元をたどると石油由来の原料です。合成時に2,4-TDIと2,6-TDIの異性体が発生しますが、2,4-TDIの割合によって製品種が分けられ、80%のものは一般的にTDI-80と呼ばれています。TDIの合成は他のイソシアネート類同様にホスゲンを使う危険な反応であるため、川上に位置する石油化学メーカーによって大規模に生産されるのが一般的です。
ちなみにTDAはトルエンと混酸に含まれる硝酸を反応させてジニトロトルエン(DNT)を合成し、これを水素と反応させて合成されています。
主な用途／役割
ポリウレタン樹脂、ポリウレタンプレポリマー等の原料、水性高分子イソシアネート系接着剤の架橋剤として使用される。
説明
Toluene diisocyanate (TDI) is an aromatic diisocyanate that
is a clear, pale yellow liquid with a sharp, pungent odor,
which is insoluble in water and miscible with most common
organic solvents. TDI (CAS No. 26471-62-5) consists of two
isomers: toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (2,4-TDI) (CAS No. 584-
84-9) and toluene-2,6-diisocyanate (2,6-TDI) (CAS No. 91-
08-7), which is commercially produced in different ratios.
The most common ratio is 80% 2,4-TDI/20% 2,6 TDI. TDI is
widely used and accounted for 34% of the global isocyanate
market in 2000.
化学的特性
Toluene diisocyanate is a colorless, yellow, or dark liquid or solid. It has a sweet, fruity, pungent odor. Toluene diisocyanate (technical, 26471-62-5) is an 80: 20 mixture of 2,4-and 2,6-isomers. A solid above 71/F/22℃. The Odor Threshold is 0.4-2.14 ppm.
使用
Toluene diisocyanates are used primarily to manufacture flexible polyurethane foams for use in furniture, bedding, and automotive and airline seats. Other, smaller uses are for polyurethane elastomers (for automobile bumper covers, industrial rollers, sport soles and boots, and mechanical goods) and coatings (for automotive refinishing, wood finishes, and high-performance anti-corrosion coatings)(ICIS 2009). Toluene diisocyanate–based rigid polyurethane foam is used in household refrigerators and for residential sheathing or commercial roofing in board or laminate form (IARC 1986). “Pour-inplace” or “spray-in” rigid foam is used as insulation for truck trailers, railroad freight cars, and cargo containers. Polyurethane-modified alkyds contain approximately 6% to 7% isocyanate, mostly toluene diisocyanates, and are used as coating materials, such as floor finishes, wood finishes, and paints. Moisture-curing coatings are used as wood and concrete sealants and floor finishes. Aircraft, truck, and passenger-car coatings often are composed of toluene diisocyanate prepolymer systems. Castable urethane elastomers are used in applications requiring strength, flexibility, and shock absorption, and are resistant to oil, solvents, and ultraviolet radiation. They are used in adhesive and sealant compounds and in automobile parts, shoe soles,rollerskate wheels, pond liners, and blood bags. They are also used inoil fields and mines. Certain elastomer products are produced from the pure 2,4 isomer rather than the 80:20 mixture.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless to pale yellow liquid with a pungent odor. Denser than water. Burns, but may be difficult to ignite. Vapors are heavier than air. Vapors irritate the respiratory system. Toxic under prolonged exposure to vapor in low concentrations or short exposure to high concentrations of vapor. Carcinogenic. Produces toxic oxides of nitrogen during combustion. Used to make polyurethane foams and paints.
空気と水の反応
Reaction with water liberates carbon dioxide.
反応プロフィール
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE is explosive in the form of vapor-air mixture when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. Potentially violent polymerization reaction with strong bases or acyl chlorides. Reaction with aniline may generate enough heat to ignite unreacted portion and surrounding materials. Reaction with water liberates carbon dioxide. Potential explosion if stored in polyethylene containers due to absorption of water through the plastic. Emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen when heated to decomposition[Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 1251].
火災危険
TOLUENE DIISOCYANATE is combustible.
接触アレルゲン
Toluene diisocyanate is a mixture of 2,4-TDI and 2,6-
TDI. It is used in the manufacture of various polyurethane
products: elastic and rigid foams, paints, lacquers,
adhesives, binding agents, synthetics rubbers, and
elastomeric fibers.
安全性プロファイル
Confirmed carcinogen
with experimental carcinogenic and
neoplastigenic data. Poison by inhalation.
Moderately toxic by ingestion. Severe skin
irritant. Human mutation data reported.
Capable of producing severe dermatitis and
bronchal spasm. A common air
contaminant. A flammable liquid when
exposed to heat or flame. Explosive in the
form of vapor when exposed to heat or
flame. To fight fire, use dry chemical, COa.
Potentially violent polymerization reaction
with bases or acyl chlorides. Reaction with
water releases carbon dioxide. Storage in
polyethylene containers is hazardous due to
absorption of water through the plastic.
When heated to decomposition it emits
highly toxic fumes of NOx. See also
IS0CYANATES .
職業ばく露
Toluene diisocyanate is used in the production of polyurethane flexible foams, coatings, paints, and elastomers. It is more widely used than MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanate). Polyurethanes are formed by the reaction of isocyanates with polyhydroxy compounds. Since the reaction proceeds rapidly at room temperature, the reactants must be mixed in pots or spray guns just before use. These resins can be produced with various physical properties, for example, hard, flexible, semirigid foams; and have found many uses, for example, upholstery padding; thermal insulation; molds, surface coatings; shoe inner soles; and in rubbers, adhesives, paints, and textile finishes. Because of TDI’s high volatility, exposure can occur in all phases of its manufacture and use. MDI has a much lower volatility, and problems generally arise only in spray applications.
発がん性
Toluene diisocyanates are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals.
輸送方法
UN2078 Toluene diisocyanate, Hazard Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials.
不和合性
May form explosive mixture with air. Isocyanates are highly flammable and reactive with many compounds, even with themselves. Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or explosions. Reaction with moist air, water or alcohols may form amines and insoluble polyureas and react exothermically, releasing toxic, corrosive or flammable gases, including carbon dioxide; and, at the same time, may generate a violent release of heat increasing the concentration of fumes in the air. Incompatible with amines, aldehydes, alkali metals, ammonia, carboxylic acids, caprolactum, alkaline materials, glycols, ketones, mercaptans, hydrides, organotin catalysts, phenols, strong acids, strong bases, strong reducing agents such as hydrides, urethanes, and ureas. Elevated temperatures or contact with acids, bases, tertiary amines, and acyl-chlorides may cause explosive polymerization. Attacks some plastics, rubber and coatings. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. May accumulate static electrical charges, and may cause ignition of its vapors.
廃棄物の処理
Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Controlled incineration (oxides of nitrogen are removed from the effluent gas by scrubbers and/or thermal devices). In accordance with 40CFR165, follow recommendations for the disposal of pesticides and pesticide containers. Must be disposed properly by following package label directions or by contacting your local or federal environmental control agency, or by contacting your regional EPA office.
ジイソシアン酸トリレン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準備製品