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HYDROGEN CYANIDE
HYDROGEN CYANIDE
- CAS:
- 74-90-8
- MF:
- CHN
- MW:
- 27.03
Properties
- Melting point:
- -13.4°
- Boiling point:
- bp 25.6°
- Density
- d(gas) 0.941 (air = 1); d(liq) 0.687
- vapor pressure
- 750 mmHg at 25 °C
- refractive index
- 1.2594
- solubility
- very soluble in H2O, ethanol; soluble in ethyl ether
- form
- colorless liquid
- pka
- 9.2(at 25℃)
- color
- colorless liquid or gas
- Odor
- Bitter almond odor detectable at 1 to 5 ppm; however, 20 to 60% of the population are reported to be unable to detect the odor of HCN
- Water Solubility
- miscible with H2O, alcohol; slightly soluble ether [MER06]
- Dielectric constant
- 158.0（0℃）
- Exposure limits
- Ceiling 11 mg/m3 (10 ppm) (ACGIH), 5 mg CN/m3/10 min (NIOSH); TWA air 11 mg/m3 (10 ppm) skin (OSHA); IDLH 50 ppm.
- LogP
- -0.250
Safety Information
- Symbol(GHS)
GHS06,GHS09
- Signal word
- Danger
- Hazard statements
- H300-H310-H330-H410
- Precautionary statements
- P264-P270-P301+P310-P321-P330-P405-P501-P262-P264-P270-P280-P302+P350-P310-P322-P361-P363-P405-P501-P260-P271-P284-P304+P340-P310-P320-P403+P233-P405-P501-P273-P391-P501
- Hazard Codes
- F+,T+,N
- Risk Statements
- 12-26-50/53-26/27/28
- Safety Statements
- 7/9-16-36/37-38-45-60-61
- RIDADR
- 1051
- OEL
- STEL: 4.7 ppm (5 mg/m3) [skin]
- Autoignition Temperature
- 538 °C
- HazardClass
- 6.1(a)
- PackingGroup
- I
- Toxicity
- LC50 in rats, mice, dogs: 544 ppm (5 min), 169 ppm (30 min), 300 ppm (3 min) by inhalation, K. C. Back et al., Reclassification of Materials Listed as Transportation Health Hazards (TSA-20-72-3; PB214-270, 1972)
- IDLA
- 50 ppm
Use
This particular record contains hydrogen cyanide dissolved in water. Hydrogen cyanide is a very volatile liquid or colorless gas smelling of bitter almonds, b.p. 26° C. A deadly human poison by all routes. The gas (hydrogen cyanide) forms explosive mixtures with air, HYDROGEN CYANIDE reacts violently with acetaldehyde. HYDROGEN CYANIDE is a severe explosion hazard when heated or exposed to oxidizers. HYDROGEN CYANIDE may polymerize explosively at elevated temperature (50-60° C) or in the presence of traces of alkali [Wohler, L. et al., Chem. Ztg., 1926, 50, p. 761, 781]. In the absence of a stabilizer (e.g., phosphoric acid) HYDROGEN CYANIDE may undergo explosively rapid spontaneous (autocatalytic) polymerization leading to a fire. The reaction is autocatalytic because of ammonia formation. The anhydrous acid should be stabilized by the addition of acid. [Bond, J., Loss Prev. Bull., 1991, 101, p.3]. During the preparation of imidoester hydrochlorides, hydrogen chloride was rapidly passed over alcoholic hydrogen cyanide. An explosion ensued, even with cooling of the process, [J. Org. Chem., 1955, 20, 1573].
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