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Tetrahydrofuran

Tetrahydrofuran Structure
CAS No.
109-99-9
Chemical Name:
Tetrahydrofuran
Synonyms
THF;Oxolane;PTMEG 2000;PTHF;Butylene oxide;Tetrahydrofurane;oxolan;PTMEG 1000;1,4-Epoxybutane;TETRAMETHYLENE ETHER GLYCOL 2000 POLYMER
CBNumber:
CB6852795
Molecular Formula:
C4H8O
Molecular Weight:
72.11
MOL File:
109-99-9.mol
MSDS File:
SDS
Modify Date:
2024/11/7 21:39:59
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Tetrahydrofuran Properties

Melting point -108°C
Boiling point 66 °C
Density 0.887 g/mL at 20 °C
vapor density 2.5 (vs air)
vapor pressure <0.01 mm Hg ( 25 °C)
refractive index n20/D 1.465
Flash point >230 °F
storage temp. Store at +5°C to +30°C.
solubility water: soluble
form Liquid
Specific Gravity 0.89
color <10(APHA)
PH Range 7
Relative polarity 0.207
PH 7-8 (200g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Odor Ethereal, detectable at 2 to 50 ppm
explosive limit 1.5-12.4%(V)
Water Solubility miscible
FreezingPoint -108℃
Sensitive Air Sensitive & Hygroscopic
λmax λ: 245 nm Amax: ≤0.26
λ: 275 nm Amax: ≤0.046
λ: 315 μm Amax: ≤0.0044
Merck 14,9211
BRN 102391
Henry's Law Constant 1.54 (static headspace-GC, Welke et al., 1998)
Exposure limits TLV-TWA 200 ppm (590 mg/m3) (ACGIH, MSHA, and OSHA); STEL 250 ppm (ACGIH); IDLH 20,000 ppm (NIOSH).
Dielectric constant 11.6（-70℃）
Stability Stable. Incompatible with halogens, strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, strong bases, oxygen. May generate explosive peroxides in storage if in contact with air. Highly flammable. Store at room temperature under nitrogen. Hazardous polymerisation may occur. Light sensitive. May contain 2,6-di-tertbutyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) as a s
InChIKey WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
LogP 0.45 at 25℃
CAS DataBase Reference 109-99-9(CAS DataBase Reference)
IARC 2B (Vol. 119) 2019
NIST Chemistry Reference Furan, tetrahydro-(109-99-9)
EPA Substance Registry System Tetrahydrofuran (109-99-9)

SAFETY

Risk and Safety Statements

Symbol(GHS) 
GHS02,GHS07,GHS08
Signal word  Danger
Hazard statements  H225-H302-H319-H335-H336-H351
Precautionary statements  P201-P202-P210-P301+P312-P305+P351+P338-P308+P313
Hazard Codes  Xi,F,Xn
Risk Statements  36/37/38-36/37-19-11-40
Safety Statements  26-36-33-29-16-46-37-13
OEB A
OEL TWA: 200 ppm (590 mg/m3), STEL: 250 ppm (735 mg/m3)
RIDADR  UN 2924 3/PG 2
WGK Germany  1
RTECS  MD0916000
F  3-10-23
Autoignition Temperature 610 °F
TSCA  Yes
HazardClass  3
PackingGroup  II
HS Code  29321100
Toxicity LD50 oral (rat) 2880 mg/kg
LC50 inhal (rat) 21,000 ppm (3 h)
PEL (OSHA) 200 ppm (590 mg/m3)
TLV-TWA (ACGIH) 200 ppm (590 mg/m3)
STEL (ACGIH) 250 ppm (737 mg/m3)
IDLA 2,000 ppm [10% LEL]
NFPA 704
3
2 1

Tetrahydrofuran price More Price(101)

Manufacturer Product number Product description CAS number Packaging Price Updated Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) RTC000088 Tetrahydrofuran Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material 109-99-9 20ML ₹12351.33 2022-06-14 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) PHR1561 Tetrahydrofuran Pharmaceutical Secondary Standard; Certified Reference Material 109-99-9 3X1.2ML ₹9103.83 2022-06-14 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) 900636 Tetrahydrofuran anhydrous, inhibitor-free, ZerO2?, ≥99.9% 109-99-9 4X2ML ₹1970.15 2022-06-14 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) 87369 Tetrahydrofuran Selectophore?, ≥99.5% 109-99-9 100ML ₹4990.33 2022-06-14 Buy
Sigma-Aldrich(India) 87369 Tetrahydrofuran Selectophore?, ≥99.5% 109-99-9 500ML ₹15588 2022-06-14 Buy
Product number Packaging Price Buy
RTC000088 20ML ₹12351.33 Buy
PHR1561 3X1.2ML ₹9103.83 Buy
900636 4X2ML ₹1970.15 Buy
87369 100ML ₹4990.33 Buy
87369 500ML ₹15588 Buy

Tetrahydrofuran Chemical Properties,Uses,Production

Chemical Properties

Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is an industrial solvent widely recognized for its unique combination of useful properties. DuPont THF is better than 99.9% pure with a small (0.025-0.040 wt % ) amount of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT, 4-methyl-2,6-di-tertbutyl phenol) added as an antioxidant. Tetrahydrofuran is a cycloaliphatic ether and is not "photochemically reactive" as defined in Section k of Los Angeles County's Rule 66 (equivalent to Rule 442 of the Southern California Air Pollution Control District). THF has an ethereal odor. The Odor Threshold is listed @ 3.8 (3M), 20-50ppm, and 31ppm. It is also a common laboratory reagent and an intermediate in chemical syntheses of consumer and industrial products such as nutritionals, pharmaceuticals, and insecticides (HSDB, 2011).

Uses

Tetrahydrofuran is used primarily (80%) to make polytetramethylene ether glycol, the base polymer used primarily in the manufacture of elastomeric fibers (e.g., spandex) as well as polyurethane and polyester elastomers (e.g., artificial leather, skateboard wheels). The remainder (20%) is used in solvent applications (e.g., pipe cements, adhesives, printing inks, and magnetic tape) and as a reaction solvent in chemical and pharmaceutical syntheses.

Uses

Butylene oxide is used as a fumigant and inadmixture with other compounds. It is usedto stabilize fuel with respect to color andsludge formation.

General Description

A clear colorless liquid with an ethereal odor. Less dense than water.Flash point 6°F. Vapors are heavier than air.

Reactivity Profile

Tetrahydrofuran reacts violently with oxidizing agents leading to fires and explosions [Handling Chemicals Safely 1980. p. 891]. Subject to peroxidation in the air. Peroxides or their products react exothermically with lithium aluminum hydride [MCA Guide for Safety 1973]. Thus, use as a solvent for lithium aluminum hydride has led to fires. Using potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to dry impure Tetrahydrofuran that contains peroxides has resulted in explosions. A violent explosion occurred during the preparation of sodium aluminum hydride from sodium and aluminum in a medium of Tetrahydrofuran [Chem. Eng. News 39(40):57. 1961]. THF forms explosive products with 2-aminophenol [Lewis 3227].

Flammability and Explosibility

THF is extremely flammable (NFPA rating = 3), and its vapor can travel a considerable distance to an ignition source and "flash back." A 5% solution of THF in water is flammable. THF vapor forms explosive mixtures with air at concentrations of 2 to 12% (by volume). Carbon dioxide or dry chemical extinguishers should be used for THF fires.
THF can form shock- and heat-sensitive peroxides, which may explode on concentration by distillation or evaporation. Always test samples of THF for the presence of peroxides before distilling or allowing to evaporate. THF should never be distilled to dryness.

Potential Exposure

The primary use of tetrahydrofuran is as a solvent to dissolve synthetic resins, particularly polyvinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride copolymers. It is also used to cast polyvinyl chloride films, to coat substrates with vinyl and vinylidene chloride; and to solubilize adhesives based on or containing polyvinyl chloride resins. A second large market for THF is as an electrolytic solvent in the Grignard reaction-based production of tetramethyl lead. THF is used as an intermediate in the production of polytetramethylene glycol.

Carcinogenicity

THF showed little evidence of mutagenic activity in a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays.

storage

THF should be used only in areas free of ignition sources, and quantities greater than 1 liter should be stored in tightly sealed metal containers in areas separate from oxidizers. Containers of THF should be dated when opened and tested periodically for the presence of peroxides.

Incompatibilities

Forms thermally explosive peroxides in air on standing (in absence of inhibitors). Peroxides can be detonated by heating, friction, or impact. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers, strong bases and some metal halides. Attacks some forms of plastics, rubber and coatings.

Waste Disposal

Consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices. Generators of waste containing this contaminant (≥100 kg/mo) must conform with EPA regulations governing storage, transportation, treatment, and waste disposal. Concentrated waste containing peroxides-perforation of a container of the waste from a safe distance followed by open burning.

Tetrahydrofuran Preparation Products And Raw materials

Raw materials

Polychloroprene Uraldehyde 1,4-Butanediol Nickel 2-chloro-1,3-butadiene
IRISH MOSS PALLADIUM-CATALYSTS Hydrogen Metallic oxides cis-1,4-Dichloro-2-butene
Gamma Butyrolactone
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Preparation Products

Jiuma plate amino-acid surfactant SODIUM PHENOLATE TRIHYDRATE Norethindrone 4-TERT-BUTYLBENZYL ALCOHOL 1-(2-NAPHTHYL)METHANAMINE
9-Anthracenemethanol Chiral 2，2-Disubstituted thiaprolinol derivatives (R)-TERT-LEUCINOL 2-(4-tert-Butylphenyl)ethanol 1,4-Butane sultone
Erythromycin ethylsuccinate 3-tert-butyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thiol N-methylaminoethanol sodium phosphate 4-Amino-5-bromo-2-chloropyrimidine 1,4-Diiodobutane
L(+)-Leucinol 2-Chloroisonicotinaldehyde Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride (S)-(-)-4-tert-Butyloxazolidine-2,5-dione 7-Fluoroindole
L-Tryptophanol 4-Chlorobutylbenzoate TERT-BUTYLMAGNESIUM CHLORIDE (S)-(-)-α,α-Diphenyl-2-pyrrolidinemethanol BENZO[B]THIOPHENE-2-CARBOXALDEHYDE
2,5-Dimethylpiperazine Quinestrol Allylmagnesium chloride Levonorgestrel N-(2-Aminoethyl)piperidine
2,3,4-Tribromothiophene (4-AMINO-PYRIDIN-3-YL)-METHANOL 3-Cyanophenylboronic acid Dioctyl(maleate)tin Cyclopropylacetic acid
2,3-Difluorophenylboronic acid 2,2'-DIPYRIDYLAMINE Vinylferrocene Tetrahydrothiophene (1,5-DIMETHYL-1H-PYRAZOL-3-YL)METHANOL
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Tetrahydrofuran Suppliers

Global( 1099)Suppliers
Supplier Tel Country ProdList Advantage Inquiry
ANJI BIOSCIENCES +91-9000100077 +91-9000100077 Hyderabad, India 429 58 Inquiry
ULTIMA CHEMICALS +91 7208029458 Mumbai, India 95 58 Inquiry
Evans Fine Chem +91-9821340302 +91-9821340302 Maharashtra, India 286 58 Inquiry
BASF India Limited +91-2262785600 +91-2262785600 Maharashtra, India 209 58 Inquiry
Dhara Industries +91-9322395199 +91-9322395199 Mumbai, India 190 58 Inquiry
Azeocryst Organic Private Limited +91-8879077780 +91-8879077780 Maharashtra, India 32 58 Inquiry
JSK Chemicals +919879767970 Gujarat, India 3753 58 Inquiry
Globe Chemie +91-9130055886 +91-9373912785 Maharashtra, India 2 58 Inquiry
Suparna Chemicals Ltd +91-2222027446 +91-9820623254 Maharashtra, India 19 58 Inquiry
Merck Ltd +91-2262109800 +91-2262109000 Maharashtra, India 272 58 Inquiry
Supplier Advantage
ANJI BIOSCIENCES 58
ULTIMA CHEMICALS 58
Evans Fine Chem 58
BASF India Limited 58
Dhara Industries 58
Azeocryst Organic Private Limited 58
JSK Chemicals 58
Globe Chemie 58
Suparna Chemicals Ltd 58
Merck Ltd 58

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1,4-Epoxybutane, 1,4-Diethylene oxide Tetrahydrofuran, Stabilized with 0.025 Percent BHT, Reagent, ACS Tetrahydrofuran, Stabilized with BHTExceeds A.C.S. Specifications, HPLC Grade Tetrahydrofuran, Unstabilized, For UV, HPLC Grade Tetrahydrofuran, 99.5%, Extra Dry over Molecular Sieve, Stabilized, AcroSeal Tetrahydrofuran, 99.6%, ACS reagent, stabilized with BHT Tetrahydrofuran, 99.85%, Extra Dry, stabilized, AcroSeal Tetrahydrofuran, 99.9%, extra pure, anhydrous, stabilized with BHT Tetrahydrofuran, for s Tetrahydrofuran, for spectroscopy, 99.5+% 1LT Tetrahydrofuran, stabilized with BHT, extra pure, 99+% 2.5LT Tetrahydrofuran, stabilized with BHT, extra pure, 99+% 25LT Tetrahydrofuran, stabilized with BHT, for analysis ACS, 99.6% 1LT Tetrahydrofuran, Spectrophotometric grade, 99.7+%, unstab., packaged under Argon in resealable ChemS Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.8+%, stab. with 0.025% BHT, packaged under Argon in resealable ChemSe Tetrahydrofuran, dried (max. 0,005% H2O), reagent grade, stabilized with 250 ppm of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) Tetrahydrofuran, spectroscopy grade, without stabilizer, Spectrosol Tetrahydrofuran, GPC grade, stabilized with 250 ppm of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, with molecular sieves, stabilized with 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT) Tetrahydrofuran, GPC grade, stabilized with 250 ppm of 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), Multisolvent Tetrahydrofuran, 99.85%, Extra Dry, stabilized, AcroSeal, package of 4x25ML bottles Tetrahydrofuran, 99.5%, for analysis TETRAHYDROFURAN DRIED (MAX. 0.0075 % H2O TETRAHYDROFURAN FOR ANALYSIS EMSURE TETRAHYDROFURAN EMPLURA 190 L TETRAHYDROFURAN FOR ANALYSIS EMPARTA TETRAHYDROFURAN FOR LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH TETRAHYDROFURAN EMPLURA 1 L TETRAHYDROFURAN EMPLURA 2,5 L TETRAHYDROFURAN FOR SPECTROSCOPY Uvasol Tetrahydrofuran, absolute, over Molecular sieve Tetrahydrofuran 5g [109-99-9] Tetrahydrofuran 10g [109-99-9] Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, 99.8+%, BHT-free, Active Dry, packaged under Argon in resealable CheMSeal bottles DriSolv(R) Tetrahydrofuran, Anhydrous, SeptuM-Sealed Bottle Tetrahydrofuran, 99 Percent, Reagent Tetrahydrofuran, GR, ACS Tetrahydrofuran, OMniSolv(R) Tetrahydrofuran, Stabilized with 0.025 Percent BHT, OMniSolv(R) Tetrahydrofuran, Stabilized, Technical Tetrahydrofuran, extra pure Tetrahydrofuran, ACS/HPLC Certified Tetrahydrofuran, SuperDry, stabilized with BHT, J&KSeal Tetrahydrofuran, SuperDry, with Molecular sieves, stabilized with 250 ppM BHT, J&KSeal Tetrahydrofuran, UV/HPLC, 99.7% min., unstabilized Tetrahydrofuran, HPLC, non-UV, 99.7% min., stabilized Tetrahydrofuran, Spectrophotometric, 99.7% min., unstabilized Tetrahydrofuran4x1L Tetrahydrofuran, 99%, stabilized Tetrahydrofuran, anhydrous, unstabilized Tetrahydrofuran, ACS, 99.0% min., stabilized Tetrahydrofuran 〈H2O<50ppm〉 Tetrahydrofuran, Anhydrous, BHT-free, over molecular sieves, Tetrahydrofuran, Unstabilized Tetrahydrofuran, Unstable Tetrahydrofuran, Water <100ppm Tetrahydrofuran, With 250ppm BHT Tetrahydrofuran, stabilized with 250 to 350ppm BHT