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Could Glyoxal fixation enhance immunohistochemical signalling?

May 16，2024

Yes. Glyoxal fixation enhances immunohistochemical signals, and adjusting the glyoxal fixative to pH 4 or 5 is key for this effect. Glyoxal fixation typically enhances immune signals compared to formaldehyde and glutaraldehyde. This may be due to the fact that the chemical structure of glyoxal gives it good cross-linking properties that preserve the structure and antigenicity of proteins, making it suitable for immunohistochemistry. Studies have also shown that ethanol-free glyoxal fixatives enhanced many synaptic molecules more than glyoxal fixatives containing 20% ethanol. Increasing the concentrations of glyoxal and acetic acid to 9% and 8%, respectively, also resolves the problem of tissue section fragility.

Glyoxal

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Glyoxal (OHC–CHO) is a dialdehyde that can be obtained from several natural sources, such as from the oxidation of lipids or as a by-product of biological processes.
Glyoxal: toxicology and applications Jun 25, 2023
Glyoxal has been the focus of much research due to its toxicology and as a fixative agent in biological research.
Glyoxal as an alternative fixative to formaldehyde Aug 28, 2019
Paraformaldehyde (PFA) is the most commonly used fixative for immunostaining of cells, but has been associated with various problems, ranging from loss of antigenicity to changes in morphology during fixation. We show here that the small dialdehyde glyoxal can successfully replace PFA. Despite being less toxic than PFA, and, as most aldehydes, likely usable as a fixative, glyoxal has not yet been systematically tried in modern fluorescence microscopy.

Glyoxal

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