СВИНЕЦ хлористый (II) химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Lead chloride is a white crystalline powder
Физические свойства
White orthorhombic crystals; refractive index 2.199; density 5.85 g/cm3; melts at 501°C; vaporizes at 950°C; partially soluble in cold water (6.73 g/L at 0°C and 9.9 g/L at 20°C); KSP 1.17x10-5 at 25°C; moderately soluble in boiling water (33.4 g/L at 100°C); slightly soluble in dilute HCl and ammonia; insoluble in alcohol.
Вхождение
Lead dichloride occurs in nature as the mineral cotunnite. The compound is used in making many basic chlorides, such as Pattison’s lead white, Turner’s Patent Yellow, and Verona Yellow, used as pigments. Also, it is used as a flux for galvanizing steel; as a flame retardant in nylon wire coatings; as a cathode for seawater batteries; to remove H2S and ozone from effluent gases; as a sterilization indicator; as a polymerization catalyst for alphaolefins; and as a co-catalyst in manufacturing acrylonitrile.
Использование
Lead(II) chloride is used in the synthesis of lead titanate and barium lead titanate ceramics; employed in the production of infrared transmitting glass and ornamental glass (aurene glass); useful as an electrode in geophysical applications and in solar cells. Analytical reagent, preparation of lead salts, as solder and flux. Pattinson's white lead, pigment in white paint, is the basic lead chloride.
Определение
ChEBI: An inorganic chloride consisting of two chlorine atoms covalently bound to a central lead atom.
Подготовка
Lead dichloride is precipitated by adding hydrochloric acid or any chloride salt solution to a cold solution of lead nitrate or other lead(II) salt:
Pb2+ + 2Clˉ → PbCl2
Alternatively, it is prepared by treating lead monoxide or basic lead carbonate with hydrochloric acid and allowing the precipitate to settle.
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Общее описание
Prepared by reacting lead(II) oxide /acetate or carbonate with HCl. In crystalline PbCl2, each atom is coordinated by nine Cl atoms, six of which lie at the apices of a trigonal prism and the remaining three beyond the centers of the three prism faces. Each Cl is coordinated by four or five Pb atoms. Upon exposure to air it form basic chlorides such as PbCl2.Pb(OH)2.
Профиль реактивности
Lead dichloride is a weak reducing agent. Interaction of Lead dichloride and calcium is explosive on warming, [Mellor, 1941, Vol. 3, 369].
Опасность
Toxic effects from ingestion may vary from low to moderate. The oral lethal dose in guinea pigs is documented as 1,500 mg/kg. (Lewis (Sr.), R. J. 1996. Sax’s Dangerous Properties of Industrial Materials, 9th ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold).
Угроза здоровью
DUST AND FUMES. POISONOUS IF INHALED. SOLID: If swallowed, may cause metallic taste, abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea.
Пожароопасность
Not flammable. POISONOUS METAL FUMES MAY BE PRODUCED IN FIRE. Toxic metal fumes. Can emit toxic metal fumes.
Возможный контакт
Used to make lead salts; lead chromate
pigments; as an analytical reagent for making other chemicals; making printed circuit boards; as a solder and flux.
Перевозки
UN2291 Lead compounds, soluble n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials, Technical
Name Required
Методы очистки
Crystallise it from distilled water at 100o (33mL/g) after filtering through sintered-glass and adding a few drops of HCl, by cooling. After three crystallisations the solid is dried under vacuum or under anhydrous HCl vapour by heating slowly to 400o. The solubility in H2O is 0.07% at ~10o, and 0.43% at ~ 100o.
Несовместимости
A reducing agent. Violent reaction with
oxidizers (chlorates, nitrates, peroxides, permanganates,
perchlorates, chlorine, bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may
cause fires or explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong bases, strong acids, oxoacids, epoxides, and
chemically active metals. Explosive with calcium 1
warming
СВИНЕЦ хлористый (II) препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат