Энфлуран химические свойства, назначение, производство
Химические свойства
Enflurane is a clear, colorless liquid that easily
turns into a nonflammable gas. Mild, sweet odor
Использование
Clinical anesthetic.
Определение
ChEBI: An ether in which the oxygen atom is connected to 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl and difluoromethyl groups.
Общее описание
Enflurane is a volatile liquid (bp＝56.5°C) with a blood:gas partition coefficient of 1.8 and an MAC of 1.68%.Approximately 2% to 8% of the drug is metabolized primarilyat the chlorofluoromethyl carbon. Little chlorofluoroaceticacid is produced suggesting minor metabolism at thedifluoromethyl carbon. Difluoromethoxydifluoroacetate andfluoride ion have been reported as metabolites. Enfluranemay increase heart rate, cause cardiac arrhythmias, increasecerebral blood flow, and increase intracranial pressure but allto a smaller degree than halothane. Enflurane also causeselectroencephalographic (EEG) patterns consistent withelectrical seizure activity. It has caused tonic–clonic convulsiveactivity in patients when used at high concentrations orduring profound hypocarbic periods. Enflurane is thereforenot recommended in patients with seizure disorders.
Профиль реактивности
The material 2-CHLORO-1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER is incompatible with the following oxidizing materials, peroxides, combustible materials. Although nonflammable, a fire may cause 2-CHLORO-1,1,2-TRIFLUOROETHYL DIFLUOROMETHYL ETHER to decompose to toxic compounds including phosgene, hydrogen chloride, and hydrogen fluoride. Decomposes slowly in the light.
Опасность
Volatile with anesthetic properties, but nonflammable. Cardiac and central nervous system
impairment. Questionable carcinogen.
Пожароопасность
Noncombustible liquid; flash point >94°C
(200°F); low reactivity. Pressure buildup in a
closed bottle may occur at elevated temper atures.
Клиническое использование
Enflurane was introduced into medical practice in the United States in 1973 and is a
clear, colorless, nonflammable general liquid with a mild, sweet odor. Although relatively stable
chemically, enflurane does not attack aluminum, copper, iron, or brass and is soluble in rubber
(partition coefficient = 74), which can prolong induction/recovery times, as seen with halothane.Enflurane has an intermediate solubility in blood and significant potency. Most of its
pharmacological properties are similar to those of halothane, although there may be slightly less
nausea, vomiting, arrhythmias, and postoperative shivering than observed with halothane. High
concentrations of enflurane, however, are more likely to produce convulsions and circulatory
depression. Enflurane also relaxes the uterus and, thus, should not be used as an anesthetic
during labor. Metabolism via CYP2E1 accounts for 2% of an inhaled dose and includes
transformation to the fluoride ion and fluoromethoxydifluoroacetic acid. During
recovery, enflurane leaves the fatty tissues rapidly and, therefore, is not available for a prolonged
period of time for significant metabolism to proceed.
Профиль безопасности
Mildly toxic by
inhalation, ingestion, and subcutaneous
routes. Human systemic effects by
inhalation: decreased urine volume or
anuria. An experimental teratogen.
Experimental reproductive effects. Human
mutation data reported. An eye irritant.
Questionable carcinogen with experimental
carcinogenic data. An anesthetic. When
heated to decomposition it emits very toxic
fumes of Fand Cl-. See also ETHERS.
Возможный контакт
FDA-proprietary drug, used as an
anesthetic (gas). Axphyxiant
Перевозки
UN1851 Medicine, liquid, toxic, n.o.s., Hazard
Class: 6.1; Labels: 6.1-Poisonous materials. Cylinders must
be transported in a secure upright position, in a wellventilated truck. Protect cylinder and labels from physical
damage. The owner of the compressed gas cylinder is the
only entity allowed by federal law (49CFR) to transport
and refill them. It is a violation of transportation regulations to refill compressed gas cylinders without the express
written permission of the owner.
Несовместимости
Incompatible with oxidizers (chlorates,
nitrates, peroxides, permanganates, perchlorates, chlorine,
bromine, fluorine, etc.); contact may cause fires or
explosions. Keep away from alkaline materials, strong
bases, strong acids, oxoacids, and epoxides. Decomposes
on heating, forming toxic and corrosive fumes of hydrogen
chloride, hydrogen fluoride, and phosgene. Decomposes in
strong sunlight
Утилизация отходов
Return refillable compressed
gas cylinders to supplier
Энфлуран препаратная продукция и сырье
сырьё
препарат